Fasacewar asali
A karni na 19, tare da saurin ci gaban jari hujja, 'yan jari hujja galibi suna amfani da ma'aikatan aiki da ƙarfin aiki don fitar da ƙarin darajar ragi. Ma'aikata sunyi aiki fiye da awanni 12 a rana kuma yanayin aiki yayi kyau sosai.
Gabatarwar Ranar da ke aiki ta awa takwas
Bayan karni na 19, musamman ta hanyar ƙungiyar ginshiƙi, sikelin na gwagwarmayar aji na Biritaniya yana faɗaɗa. A watan Yuni 1847, Majalisar Burtaniya ta zartar da Dokar Ranar Holiding ta awa goma. A cikin 1856, 'yan ma'abota zinare a Melbourne, British Ostiraliya, ya yi amfani da karancin aiki kuma yi gwagwarmaya na kwana takwas. Bayan 1870s, ma'aikatan Burtaniya a wasu masana'antu suka lashe ranar tara. A watan Satumbar 1866, na farko da kasa ta gudanar da babban taron farko a Geneva, inda, ƙudurin Marx, to, ƙudurin na yau da kullun na ranar aiki. " Tun daga wannan lokacin, ma'aikata a cikin dukkan kasashe sun yi gwagwarmayar manyan masana'antu na tsawon kwana takwas.
A shekarar 1866, taron Geneva na farko da ya gabatar da taken taken ranar takwas. A cikin gwagwarmayar prelarariat na kasa da kasa don rana takwas zuwa takwas, ajin aiki na Amurka ya ɗauki shugaba. A karshen yakin basasar basasashen Amurka a shekarun 1860, ma'aikatan Amurkan sun bayyana a fili gabatar da taken "fada na rana takwas. Slogan ya bazu da sauri kuma sun sami babban tasiri.
Yunkurin kwatsam na Amurka, a shekarar 1867, jihohi shida sun gabatar da dokokin yau da kullun. A watan Yuni 1868, Majalisar Wakilai ta Amurka ta zartar da dokar farko ta Tarayya a ranar takwas a cikin tarihin Amurka, tana zartar da ranar kwanaki takwas ga ma'aikatan gwamnati. A cikin 1876, Kotun Kotun ta kashe Dokar Tarayya ta ranar takwas-shekara.
1877 Akwai yajin aiki na farko a tarihin Amurka. Aikin aiki ya dauki tituna don nuna gwamnati don inganta aiki da rayuwa da kuma bukatar gajere awanni da gabatarwar rana takwas. A karkashin tsananin matsin lamba daga aikin harkar aiki, an tilasta wa majalisar dokoki na Amurka tamani takwas a rana, amma dokar daga baya ta zama harafi matattu.
Bayan 1880s, gwagwarmaya don takwas hayan kwana takwas ta zama wani al'amari na tsakiya a cikin motsi na kwadago na Amurka. A cikin 1882, ma'aikatan Amurka sun gabatar da shawarar cewa ranar bitinin ta farko a watan Satumbar za a tsara su a matsayin ranar zanga-zangar titin, kuma suka yi fada da wannan. A cikin shekarar 1884, hukumar AFL ta yanke shawarar cewa ranar farko ta watan Satumba za ta zama ranar hutawa ga ma'aikata. Kodayake wannan shawarar ba ta da alaƙa da gwagwarmaya ta tsawon rana ta takwas, ya ba da wannan aikin ranar takwas-kwana takwas. Majalisa ta wuce doka ta sa doka ta farko a watan Satumba Horment Ranar Kwadago. In December 1884, in order to promote the development of the struggle for the eight-hour day, the AFL also made a historic resolution: “The Organized Trade Unions and Federations of Labour in the United States and Canada have resolved that, as of May 1, 1886, the day of legal Labour shall be eight hours, and recommend to all the Labour organizations in the District that they may modify their practices to conform to this resolution on the said date.”
Ci gaba da tashin hankali
A watan Oktoba 1884, kungiyoyin ma'aikata na kasa da kasa a Amurka da Canada sun yi zanga-zangar neman gwagwarmaya a ranar 1 ga Mayu, 1886. A aji aji na Amurka a duk faɗin ƙasar da ta tallafawa da kuma amsa, da dubban ma'aikata da yawa sun shiga cikin gwagwarmaya.
Hukuncin AFL ya sami amsa mai himma ga ma'aikatan a duk faɗin Amurka. Tun daga 1886, ajin aiki na Amurka ya rike zanga-zangar, ya buge, kuma kauracewa tilasta wa ma'aikata suyi amfani da aiki na awa takwas zuwa 1 ga Mayu. Gwagwarmaya ta zo kai a watan Mayu. A ranar 1 ga Mayu, 1886, ma'aikatan 350,000 a cikin Chicago da sauran biranen Amurka sun gudanar da yajin aiki gaba daya da kuma inganta yanayin aiki 8 da inganta yanayin aiki 8 da inganta yanayin aiki 8 da inganta yanayin aiki. Sanarwar tajin aikin da yajin aiki ta karantawa, "tashi, ma'aikata na Amurka! Allah, 1886 ya kwanta kayan aikinku, ya kwanta aikinku, rufe masana'antar ku da ma'adaninku na kwana ɗaya a shekara. Wannan ranar tawaye ce, bawai hutu bane! Wannan ba rana bane lokacin da tsarin bautar duniya ke bayarwa ta hanyar mai magana da yawun magana. Wannan rana ce da ma'aikata suke yin dokokin nasu kuma suna da ikon sanya su. ... Wannan ita ce ranar da na fara jin daɗin yin awoyi takwas na aiki, sa'o'i takwas na hutawa, da awanni takwas na ikon kaina.
Ma'aikata sun tafi yajin aiki, innayzing Manyan Masana'antu a Amurka. Koma jiragen kasa sun daina gudu, an rufe shagunan, kuma an rufe dukkan shagunan.
Amma hukumomin hukumomin na Amurka sun tsunduma, an kama ma'aikata da yawa kuma an kama shi kuma duk kasar ta girgiza. Tare da ƙarin goyon baya na ra'ayin jama'a na ci gaba a duniya da kuma gwamnatocin kungiyar ta Amurka tana ba da sanarwar da kungiyar ma'aikatan Amurka ta yi nasara.
Kafa Mayu na Mayu 1
A cikin Yuli 1889, na biyu na farko, wanda Engels na biyu ya jagoranta, ya gudanar da wani majalisa a Paris. Don tunawa da "Ranar Mayu" ya buge da ma'aikatan Amurkawa, yana nuna "ma'aikatan duniya, ba su dace ba!" Babban iko don inganta gwagwarmawan ma'aikata a cikin duk ƙasashe na awa takwas, taron sun yanke shawarar saita ranar da "Mayu na Mayu" ranar kwadago ta duniya. "
A ranar 1 ga Mayu, 1890, aji na aiki a Turai da Amurka sun ja-gorar ɗaukar tituna don gudanar da haƙƙin halal da bukatunsu. Daga wannan, kowane lokaci A wannan rana, masu aiki da mutanen dukkan kasashe za su tattara don bikin.
Matsalar Mayu na yau da kullun a Rasha da Tarayyar Soviet
Bayan mutuwar Engels a watan Agusta 1895, da dama a cikin kasa da kasa ya fara aiwatar da bangaren na biyu a hankali a cikin jam'iyyun Bourgeois. Bayan barkewar yakin duniya na farko, shugabannin wadannan jam'iyyun ya ci gaba da cin amana da sanadin shafin yanar gizo da kuma gurguzancin zamantakewa da kuma zama masu son jama'a a yakin mulkin mallaka. A karkashin taken "kare mahaifin mahaifiyar," sun wulakanta ma'aikatan dukkan kasashe suyi frenze game da kisan kai. Don haka ne kungiyar ta biyu ta ware ta ta biyu da kuma ranar Mayu, alama ce ta Sadarwar Sadarwar Kasa da Kasa, aka soke shi. Bayan karshen yakin, saboda overurge na motsi na juyi a cikin kasashen waje na na biyu don yaudarar da talakawa na biyu don yaudarar da talakawa ta biyu don yaudarar da talakawa. Tun daga wannan lokacin, a kan tambayar yadda zan yi wa '"Mayay", akwai gwagwarmaya mai tsauri tsakanin hanyoyi masu juyawa na juyawa da kuma sake fasalin abubuwa.
A karkashin jagorancin Lenin, Probolen Rasha da farko ta danganta da "Mayu Day" tare da ayyukan juyin juya hali, suna Mayu 1 da gaske ne na juyin juya halin da ke cikin karnarwa na duniya. Farkon tunawa da ranar Mayu ta ranar Mayu ta ranar 1891. A ranar Mayun 1900, TBIFris (yanzu tifris (yanzu tifris), Kiev, Rossiv da sauran manyan biranen. Bayan umarnin Lenin, a cikin 1901 da 1902, zanga-zangar 'yar Rasha ta Rasha tun ranar Mayu ta ci gaba da tazara tsakanin ma'aikata da sojoji.
A watan Yuli na 1903, Russia ta kafa jam'iyyar ta farko ta yaki da Jam'iyyar Muryarfin Juyin Juya ta Muryararren Masarautar kasa da kasa. A wannan taron, ƙudurin daftarin a farkon Lenin na ƙarshe na zaɓaɓɓu. Tun daga wannan lokacin, ambaton ranar Mayu wanda ranar Mayu ta Rasha, tare da shugabancin jam'iyyar, ya shigar da karin juyin juya hali. Tun daga wannan lokacin, an gudanar da bikin ranar kowace shekara a Rasha, kuma ƙungiyar ma'aikata ta ci gaba da tashi, da kuma rikice-rikicen ɗakunan da sojojin suka faru.
A sakamakon nasarar juyin juya halin Oktoba, aji na Soviet sun fara ambaci gwagwarmayar da juyin juya halinsu da fada a ranar "Fata"erival a cikin wadannan kasashe.
Zhuo Meng Shanghai Auto Co., Ltd. ya himmatu wajen siyar da bangarorin MG & Mauxs Auto Barka da Siyarwa.
Lokaci: Mayu-01-2024