Idan ana maganar sandar canzawa, dole ne mu yi magana game da saurin haɓakar sandar sauyawa ta lantarki, wasu nau'ikan sandar canzawa, da kuma wani cikakken bayani.
Yanzu akwai nau'ikan masu canza kaya guda huɗu a kasuwa. Daga tarihin haɓakawa, sune: MT (ManualTransmissionShifter, manual shift lever) - > AT (AutomaticTransmissionTransmissionShifter, Automatic gear lever) zuwa AMT (AutomaticMechanicalTransmissionShifter, semi-automatic gear lever), GSM (GearShiftModule, ko SBW = ShiftByWire, electronic gear lever)
Ganin cewa sandar juyawa ta MT da AT a zahiri tsari ne na injiniya, ba ta da alaƙa da sandar juyawa ta lantarki. Saboda haka, kamar yadda aka bayyana a farko, an ƙirƙiri wani shafi.
Kafin mu yi magana game da lever ɗin canzawa na lantarki, bari mu yi magana game da lever ɗin sauyawa na AMT.
Lever ɗin gear na AMT ba wai kawai yana gadon tsarin injina na MT/AT daidai ba, har ma yana amfani da induction na lantarki don gano matsayin gear ko rashin gane su, kuma kawai siginar fitarwa na wurare daban-daban na gear suna da su. A taƙaice dai, lever ɗin gear na AMT ko ɓangaren haɗinsa yana da maganadisu masu sandunan kyau da na korau a arewa da kudu, kuma yana canza matsayinsa ta hanyar wurare daban-daban na gear. Allon tushe (PCB) wanda aka sanye da SENSOR IC akan lever ɗin canzawa na AMT yana haifar da induction na maganadisu zuwa maganadisu a wurare daban-daban kuma yana fitar da kwararar lantarki daban-daban. Module ɗin sarrafa abin hawa zai canza giya daidai da kwararar lantarki ko sigina daban-daban.
Daga mahangar tsari, sandar canjin AMT ta fi sandar canjin MT/AT sarkakiya, fasaha ta ƙaru, farashin naúrar guda ɗaya ya fi tsada, amma ga OEM na abin hawa, amfani da sandar canjin AMT, matuƙar ƙaramin canji, wato, galibi zai iya amfani da jirgin wutar lantarki na MT, don haka jimlar farashin abin hawa zai yi ƙasa da haka.
Me yasa ake amfani da lever ɗin canza AMT? Wannan ya faru ne saboda sandar canza lantarki tana amfani da ƙa'idar shigar da sandar canza AMT ta hanyar lantarki don canza gears.
Duk da haka, akwai bambanci tsakanin samun Micro-CPU akan substrate da rashin samun ɗaya.
Idan substrate (PCB) yana da Micro-CPU, zai bambanta wutar lantarki daban-daban, ya tabbatar da kayan aikin da ya dace, sannan ya aika da bayanan kayan aikin da ya dace zuwa ECU na abin hawa a cikin takamaiman yanayin watsawa (kamar siginar CAN). Ana karɓar bayanan ta hanyar ECUs masu dacewa (misali TCM, TransmissionControl) kuma ana umurtar watsawa ta canza. Idan babu Micro-CPU akan allon tushe (PCB), za a aika da lever ɗin canzawa na lantarki zuwa ECU na abin hawa ta hanyar siginar waya don canza kayan aikin.
Za a iya cewa amfani da sandar canza AMT wani sulhu ne na OEM na abin hawa don farashin kera motoci masu araha, wanda ke da girman sandar canza MT/AT da kuma zaɓin induction na lantarki. Duk da haka, zaɓin sandar canza lantarki ba a iyakance shi da girman ba, don haka a halin yanzu ana haɓaka sandar canza lantarki da nufin rage girmanta a matsayin tushen. Saboda haka, ana iya barin ƙarin sarari a cikin ƙirar abin hawa. Bugu da ƙari, sigogi kamar sandar canza Stroke da Operation Force suma ana iya inganta su idan aka kwatanta da sandar canza injina, wanda hakan ke sa aikin ya fi daɗi ga direba.
A halin yanzu, nau'ikan Lever na lantarki da ke kasuwa sune kamar haka: Nau'in Lever, Nau'in Rotary/Dial, Nau'in Maɓallin Tura, Nau'in Lever na Column.
Idan aka ɗauki maɓallin a matsayin misali, zai iya komawa zuwa ga kayan aikin P ta atomatik kuma BTSI (BRAKAING TRANSMISSION SHIFT INTERLOCK) ya kulle shi ko kuma ya ɗauki ɗagawa kai tsaye. A cikin tsarin abin hawa, sandar birki tana zuwa da shirin da ya tsufa yana da mahimmanci, in ba haka ba zai ba da rahoton kurakurai daban-daban kawai, don haka yana buƙatar goge software ɗin gyara kurakurai. Ƙafar kaza ta BMW madaidaiciya kuma tana da aikin juyawa zuwa kayan aikin P bayan kashewa.
Tun daga farkon babban girman sandar canza injina mai girma, zuwa haɓaka ƙaramin sandar canza injina mai sauƙi tare da shirinta, hakika ya sami babban ci gaba a kan tsayi da tsayi, amma ba za a iya cewa amfani da sandar canza injina zai zama wani ƙarin farashin abin hawa ba, amma zai ƙaru, don haka OEM na yanzu har yanzu shine ƙirar sandar canza injina. Amma tare da ƙarin ƙaruwar sabbin motocin makamashi, ana iya annabta cewa sandar canza injina za ta zama abin da ake so a nan gaba.
