Babban aikin tsarin sarrafa fara motar
A matsayin "cibiyar jijiyoyi" ta tsarin wutar lantarki, tsarin sarrafa motar farawa yana aiki a matsayin muhimmiyar hanyar haɗi da ke haɗa umarnin direba da aikin injin. Ayyukansa sun haɗa da daidaita wutar lantarki, kariyar tsaro, da kuma gudanarwa mai wayo a fannoni daban-daban.
Daga mahangar fitar da wutar lantarki, na'urar sarrafa injin (ECU) tana haɗa bayanai daga sassa kamar na'urori masu auna matsayi na crankshaft da na'urori masu auna kwararar iska don daidaita faɗin bugun bugun mai da kusurwar gaba ta matakin millisecond. A cikin yanayin gaggawa na hanzartawa, ECU za ta ƙara yawan allurar mai a lokaci guda kuma ta haɓaka lokacin kunna wuta, ta haɓaka amsawar wutar da kashi 15%-25%; a cikin yanayin rashin aiki, tana kiyaye mafi kyawun ka'idar ka'idar iska-man fetur na 14.7: 1 ta hanyar sarrafa madauri mai rufewa, tana tabbatar da ingantaccen aikin injin yayin da take ƙara tattalin arzikin mai da kashi 8%-12%. Na'urar sarrafa wutar lantarki (ICM), a matsayin makullin lantarki mai ƙarfi, tana sarrafa da'irar farko ta na'urar kunna wutar lantarki bisa ga umarnin ECU, tana samar da wutar lantarki mai ƙarfin lantarki don samar da makamashi ga toshewar walƙiya, tana aiki a matsayin mai aiwatarwa kai tsaye don kunna injin.
Aikin kariyar tsaro wani muhimmin abu ne na tsarin kula da farawa. Lokacin da ake gano gazawar firikwensin, fashewar abu, ko wasu matsaloli, ECU zai adana lambar kuskuren nan take kuma ya kunna hasken gargaɗin dashboard. A cikin mawuyacin hali, zai kunna yanayin gurguntawa don iyakance fitarwar wutar lantarki, yana hana ƙarin lalacewa ga injin. Tsarin kula da jiki (BCM) yana amfani da hanyar sadarwar CAN don cimma kariyar da aka tsara ta hanyar amfani da dabarar farawa. Lokacin da saurin abin hawa ya kai kilomita 10/h, yana kulle ƙofofi ta atomatik, yana haifar da ƙararrawa mai ji da gani idan an yi kutse ba bisa ƙa'ida ba, har ma yana hana farawa ba bisa ƙa'ida ba ta hanyar tsarin hana sata na injin. Bugu da ƙari, tsarin kula da farawa yana da ikon sarrafa wutar lantarki, yana haɗa wutar lantarki na kayan aikin lantarki na gargajiya da aka rarraba, yana rage adadin igiyoyin wayoyi da sama da kashi 40%, yana rage haɗarin gajerun da'irori da lalacewa, da kuma inganta ingantaccen kulawa.
Alamun laifuffuka na yau da kullun na tsarin sarrafa farawa
Yayin da abin hawa ke tsufa, tsarin sarrafa farawa na iya fuskantar matsaloli daban-daban saboda tsufan sassan ko lahani na wayoyi, galibi suna bayyana a cikin nau'ikan guda uku: farawa mara kyau, canjin wutar lantarki, da kuma yawan amfani da makamashi mara kyau.
Mafi bayyanannen abu shine gazawar farawa. Idan na'urar kunna wuta ta gaza, zai kasa sarrafa daidai lokacin kunna wuta, wanda hakan ke haifar da matsaloli a kunna injin ko ma rashin iya kunna shi gaba ɗaya. Idan ECU ta sami gazawar da'irar wutar lantarki ko lalacewar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, zai haifar da gazawar umarnin kunna wuta da allurar mai kai tsaye, wanda hakan zai gurgunta tsarin farawa gaba ɗaya. Wasu samfura kuma na iya fuskantar matsalolin farawa saboda gazawar sadarwa ta CAN, kamar lambar kuskuren P00A8 wanda ke nuna katsewar watsa sigina tsakanin na'urorin abin hawa, wanda ke haifar da gazawar sake kunna wutar lantarki don karɓar umarnin ECU.
Canjin fitar da wutar lantarki shine ɓoyayyen bayyanar matsalar. Matsalar kunna wutar lantarki da ta lalace za ta haifar da ƙonewa mara cikakke, wanda ke haifar da rashin isasshen wutar lantarki yayin aikin abin hawa, saurin gudu da jinkiri na kimanin daƙiƙa 0.5-1 a ƙaruwar gudu; a cikin yanayi mara aiki, injin ɗin zai kuma fuskanci girgiza lokaci-lokaci, kuma a cikin mawuyacin hali, zai kashe kai tsaye. Bayanan firikwensin ECU marasa kyau suma na iya haifar da matsalar wutar lantarki, misali, karkacewa a siginar firikwensin kwararar iska zai haifar da lissafin allurar mai mara kyau, wanda ke haifar da katsewar wutar lantarki yayin canje-canjen kaya.
Rashin amfani da makamashi da hayaki mai yawa sune sakamakon matsalar. Matsalar kunna wuta mai matsala za ta haifar da ƙonewa mara cikakke, ƙara yawan amfani da mai da kashi 10%-15%, da kuma haifar da fitar da hayakin carbon monoxide da hydrocarbon fiye da yadda aka saba sau 2-3. Idan ECU ta shiga yanayin rage gudu, za ta ci gaba da aiki ta hanyar iyakance yawan allurar mai, kodayake zai iya hana lalacewar injin, amma zai ƙara ta'azzara ƙaruwar amfani da mai, kuma a wasu samfura, amfani da mai na iya ninka sau biyu.
Gano Kuskure da dabarun mayar da martani
Idan ana fuskantar kurakuran tsarin sarrafa farawa, ya kamata a ɗauki hanyar gyara matsala mai girma dabam-dabam wanda ya haɗa da nazarin lambar kuskure, gano sigina, da gwajin sassan. A cikin ganewar ƙwararru, ana fara tantance alkiblar matsalar ta hanyar karanta lambobin kurakuran ta hanyar OBD-II. Lambobin P0351-P0358 kai tsaye suna nuna laifin tsarin kunna wuta, yayin da P00A8 ke nuna rashin sadarwa ta CAN. Sannan, ana gano babban ƙarfin lantarki na tsarin kunna wuta ta amfani da oscilloscope. Idan tsarin raƙuman ruwa ya nuna hayaniya ko katsewa, ana iya tabbatar da cewa abubuwan ciki na tsarin sun lalace. Ga kurakuran ECU, ya zama dole a ƙara duba ko ƙarfin wutar lantarki yana cikin kewayon al'ada na 13.5-14.5V, kuma a lokaci guda, a bincika ko akwai karkacewa a cikin siginar firikwensin ta hanyar nazarin kwararar bayanai.
A lokacin gyaran yau da kullun, masu motoci za su iya ɗaukar gargaɗin farko ta hanyar lura da abubuwan da ba su dace ba. Idan abin hawa ya fuskanci jinkirin farawa fiye da daƙiƙa 3, ƙarfin girgizar da ba ta aiki ya wuce rpm 50 a minti ɗaya, ko kuma ƙaruwar amfani da mai kwatsam fiye da 10%, ya zama dole a je cibiyar ƙwararru don gwaji cikin gaggawa. A lokacin gyara, ya zama dole a lura cewa maye gurbin tsarin kunna wuta yana buƙatar amfani da man silicone mai zafi mai zafi don tabbatar da wargajewar zafi, kuma shirye-shiryen ECU ya kamata su yi amfani da shirin da aka daidaita da masana'anta don guje wa lahani na biyu da rashin daidaiton sigogi ya haifar. Bugu da ƙari, tsaftace ma'ajiyar carbon na firikwensin akai-akai da duba ƙarfin haɗin igiyar waya na iya rage yawan faruwar kurakurai a cikin tsarin sarrafa farawa yadda ya kamata. Rubutun da ke sama a hankali yana taƙaita ayyukan asali, kurakurai na yau da kullun da tsare-tsaren amsawa na tsarin sarrafa farawa na abin hawa, yana rufe sigogin fasaha da shawarwarin kulawa mai amfani. Yana iya ba da shawara ga ma'aikatan kula da motoci kuma yana taimaka wa masu motoci fahimtar dabarun aiki na tsarin farawa na abin hawa.
Idan kana son ƙarin bayani, ci gaba da karanta sauran labaran da ke wannan shafin!
Don Allah a kira mu idan kuna buƙatar irin waɗannan kayayyaki.
Kudin hannun jari Zhuo Meng Shanghai Auto Co., Ltd. ta kuduri aniyar sayar da MG&MAXUSsassan mota maraba siya.
