Janareta na mota.
Injin samar da wutar lantarki na mota shine babban tushen wutar lantarki na motar, aikinsa shine samar da wutar lantarki ga dukkan kayan aikin lantarki (banda na'urar farawa) lokacin da injin ke aiki yadda ya kamata, sannan kuma ya caji batirin a lokaci guda.
Dangane da na'urar juyawa ta stator mai matakai uku ta alternator, ƙara yawan juyawar juyawa kuma ka fitar da tashar, ƙara saitin gyara gada mai matakai uku. A ƙaramin gudu, ana fitar da na'urar juyawa ta farko da na'urar tsawaitawa a jere, kuma a babban gudu, na'urar juyawa ta matakai uku ta farko kawai ake fitarwa.
Ka'idar aiki
Ka'idar aiki na dukkan alternator
Lokacin da da'irar waje ta ba wa filin da ke juyawa ta cikin goga, ana samar da filin maganadisu, ta yadda sandar ƙugiya za ta zama magnet zuwa sandar N da sandar S. Lokacin da rotor ya juya, kwararar maganadisu tana canzawa a cikin naɗin stator, bisa ga ƙa'idar induction na lantarki, naɗin stator mai matakai uku zai samar da ƙarfin lantarki mai canzawa. Wannan shine yadda alternator ke samar da wutar lantarki.
Babban abin motsi (watau injin) yana jan rotor na janareta mai haɗakar DC don juyawa a saurin n(rpm), da kuma ƙarfin AC mai matakai uku na induction na stator. Idan an haɗa na'urar juyawa ta stator da nauyin wutar lantarki, injin yana da fitowar wutar AC, kuma wutar AC tana canzawa zuwa wutar lantarki kai tsaye daga tashar fitarwa ta hanyar gadar rectifier da ke cikin janareta.
An raba Alternator zuwa sassa biyu na na'urar juyawa ta stator da na'urar juyawa ta rotor, na'urar juyawa ta stator mai matakai uku tana rarrabawa a kan harsashi bisa ga kusurwar lantarki ta bambancin digiri 120 tsakanin juna, na'urar juyawa ta rotor ta ƙunshi faranti biyu na sandar. Lokacin da aka haɗa na'urar juyawa ta rotor zuwa wutar lantarki kai tsaye, tana motsawa, kuma faranti biyu na sandar suna samar da sandar N da sandar S. Layin filin maganadisu yana farawa daga sandar N, yana shiga tsakiyar stator ta cikin gibin iska kuma yana komawa zuwa sandar S da ke kusa. Da zarar an juya na'urar juyawa, na'urar juyawa za ta yanke layin ƙarfin maganadisu, kuma ta samar da ƙarfin lantarki na sinusoidal tare da bambancin kusurwar lantarki na digiri 120 a cikin na'urar juyawa ta stator, wato, wutar lantarki mai matakai uku, sannan ta hanyar abin gyara wanda ya ƙunshi diodes zuwa fitarwa ta yanzu kai tsaye.
Idan aka rufe maɓallin wuta, batirin zai fara samar da wutar lantarki. Da'irar wutar lantarki ita ce:
Batirin mai kyau → hasken caji → lamba mai daidaita → naɗewar motsawa → ƙarfen cinya → batir mara kyau. A wannan lokacin, hasken alamar caji zai yi haske saboda yadda wutar ke wucewa.
Duk da haka, bayan injin ya fara aiki, yayin da saurin janareta ke ƙaruwa, ƙarfin wutar lantarki na tashar janareta shima yana ƙaruwa. Lokacin da ƙarfin fitarwa na janareta ya yi daidai da ƙarfin baturi, ƙarfin ƙarshen "B" da ƙarshen "D" na janareta daidai yake, a wannan lokacin, hasken alamar caji yana ƙarewa saboda bambancin yuwuwar tsakanin ƙarshen biyu sifili ne. Yana nuna cewa janareta yana aiki yadda ya kamata kuma janareta kanta tana samar da wutar lantarki ta hanyar janareta da kanta. Ƙarfin wutar lantarki na AC mai matakai uku da aka samar ta hanyar naɗewa mai matakai uku a cikin janareta ana gyara shi ta hanyar diode kuma yana fitar da wutar lantarki kai tsaye don samar da wutar lantarki ga kaya da cajin baturi.
Gabaɗaya na'urar juyawa tana ƙunshe da sassa huɗu: rotor, stator, rectifier da kuma ƙarshen murfin.
(1) Na'urar Juyawa
Aikin rotor shine samar da filin maganadisu mai juyawa.
Na'urar rotor ta ƙunshi sandar ƙugu, karkiya, na'urar jujjuya filin maganadisu, zoben mai tarawa da kuma sandar rotor.
An matse sandunan ƙusoshi guda biyu a kan sandar rotor, kuma kowanne daga cikin sandunan ƙusoshi guda biyu yana da sandunan maganadisu guda shida na tsuntsu da baki. An shirya wani bututun maganadisu (rotor coil) da kuma karkiyar maganadisu a cikin ramin sandar ƙusoshi.
Zoben mai tattarawa ya ƙunshi zoben tagulla guda biyu da aka rufe daga juna. Ana matse zoben mai tattarawa a kan sandar rotor sannan a rufe shi da sandar. Zoben mai tattarawa guda biyu an haɗa su da ƙarshen duka na naɗe filin maganaɗisu.
Lokacin da aka wuce zoben mai tarawa guda biyu zuwa cikin wutar lantarki kai tsaye (ta cikin goga), akwai wutar lantarki ta hanyar naɗe filin maganaɗisu, kuma ana samar da kwararar maganaɗisu ta axial, ta yadda sandar ƙusoshi ɗaya za ta haɗu da sandar N, ɗayan kuma za ta haɗu da sandar S, ta haka za ta samar da nau'i shida na sandunan maganaɗisu masu haɗuwa. Yayin da rotor ke juyawa, ana ƙirƙirar filin maganaɗisu mai juyawa [1].
Da'irar maganadisu ta na'urar juyawa ita ce: yoke →N pole →N rata tsakanin rotor da stator → stator → Rata tsakanin stator da rotor →S pole → yoke.
(2) Stator ɗin
Aikin stator shine samar da wutar lantarki mai canzawa.
Stator ɗin ya ƙunshi tsakiyar stator da kuma na'urar stator.
An yi amfani da harsashin stator da zanen ƙarfe na silicon tare da ramuka a cikin zoben ciki, kuma an saka mai sarrafa na'urar juyawar stator a cikin ramin tsakiya.
Na'urar naɗa stator tana da matakai uku, kuma na'urar naɗa matakai uku tana amfani da haɗin tauraro ko alwatika (babban ƙarfi), wanda zai iya samar da wutar lantarki mai canzawa sau uku.
Dole ne a yi amfani da naɗewar matakai uku bisa ga wasu buƙatu domin samun irin wannan mita, daidai girman, da bambancin mataki na ƙarfin lantarki mai matakai uku na 120°.
1. Nisa tsakanin ɓangarorin biyu masu tasiri na kowace na'ura ya kamata ya zama daidai da sararin da sandar maganadisu ke ɗauke da shi.
2. Nisa tsakanin gefunan farawa na na'urorin da ke maƙwabtaka da kowane na'urar naɗewa ta mataki ya kamata ya zama daidai da ko kuma nisan da ke tsakanin sandunan maganadisu guda biyu.
3. Ya kamata a raba gefen farawa na naɗewar matakai uku da kusurwar lantarki ta 2π+120o (sararin da sandunan maganadisu biyu ke ciki shine kusurwar lantarki ta 360o).
A cikin na'urar juyawa ta jerin JF13 ta cikin gida, sandunan maganadisu guda biyu suna wakiltar matsayin sarari na ramuka 6 (Kusurwar lantarki 60o a kowace rami), sandar maganadisu tana wakiltar matsayin sarari na ramuka 3, don haka tazara tsakanin bangarorin biyu masu tasiri na kowane na'ura shine ramuka 3, nisan da ke tsakanin gefen farko na kowane na'ura mai juyawa kusa da ramuka 6 na na'ura, gefen farko na na'urar juyawa mai matakai uku za a iya raba shi da ramuka 2, ramuka 8, ramuka 3. ramuka 14, da sauransu.
(3) Mai gyarawa
Aikin mai gyara alternator shine canza wutar lantarki mai matakai uku na naɗewar stator zuwa wutar lantarki kai tsaye. Mai gyara alternator mai bututu 6 da'irar mai gyara gada ce mai matakai uku wacce ta ƙunshi diodes masu gyara silicon guda 6, kuma ana matse bututun mai gyara guda 6 a kan faranti biyu bi da bi.
1. Halayen diode masu gyara silicon na mota
(1) Babban wutar lantarki mai aiki, matsakaicin wutar lantarki mai gaba 50A, ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai ƙaruwa 600A;
(2) Babban ƙarfin juyi, ƙarfin juyi mai maimaitawa 270V, ƙarfin juyi mai maimaitawa 300V;
(3) Akwai jagora ɗaya kawai. Kuma wasu jagororin diode suna da kyau, wasu jagororin diode suna da kyau, bututun mai layin jagora mai kyau ana kiransa bututu mai kyau, kuma bututun mai layin jagora mara kyau ana kiransa bututu mai kyau, don haka diode mai gyara yana da diode mai kyau da diode mara kyau.
(4) Murfin ƙarshe
Gabaɗaya murfin ƙarshe an raba shi zuwa sassa biyu (murfin gaba da murfin baya), wanda ke taka rawa wajen daidaita tsarin rotor, stator, rectifier da goga. Gabaɗaya murfin ƙarshe ana yin shi da ƙarfe na aluminum, wanda zai iya hana zubar maganadisu yadda ya kamata kuma yana da kyakkyawan aikin watsa zafi.
Murfin bayan an yi masa goga mai ƙunshe da goga, mai riƙe goga da kuma maɓuɓɓugar buroshi. Aikin goga shine shigar da wutar lantarki ta hanyar zoben mai tattarawa zuwa cikin naɗewar filin.
Haɗin da ke tsakanin naɗe filin maganaɗisu (goga biyu) da janareta ya bambanta, don haka janareta ya kasu kashi biyu na ciki da na waje.
1. Injin samar da ƙarfe na ciki: Injin samar da ƙarfe na ciki mai goga mai lanƙwasa filin maganadisu mara kyau (wanda aka haɗa kai tsaye da gidan).
2. Janareta mai rufi a waje: Janareta wanda a ciki ake rufe dukkan goge-goge na naɗe filin daga cikin gida.
Ana haɗa na'urar lantarki mai kama da ta lantarki (buroshin gajarta) ta naɗe filin maganaɗisu na janareta irin ta ƙarfe ta waje da mai sarrafawa, sannan a haɗa ƙarfen bayan ya wuce.
Idan kana son ƙarin bayani, ci gaba da karanta sauran labaran da ke wannan shafin!
Don Allah a kira mu idan kuna buƙatar irin waɗannan kayayyaki.
Kamfanin Zhuo Meng Shanghai Auto Co., Ltd. ya kuduri aniyar sayar da kayayyakin motar MG&MAUXS. Ana maraba da siyan su.
