Mota janareta.
Injin janareta na mota shine babbar hanyar samar da wutar lantarkin mota, aikinsa shine samar da wuta ga dukkan kayan wutan lantarki (sai dai Starter) a lokacin da injin ke aiki akai-akai, da cajin baturi a lokaci guda.
A bisa na kowa alternator uku-fase stator winding, ƙara yawan juyi juyi da kuma fitar da tasha, ƙara saitin uku-girma gada gyara. A cikin ƙananan gudu, iskar farko da na'urar haɓakawa suna fitowa a jere, kuma a cikin babban gudu, kawai na farko na iska uku ne kawai ke fitarwa.
Ƙa'idar aiki
Ka'idar aiki na gabaɗayan alternator
Lokacin da kewayar waje ta ba da kuzarin filin da ke jujjuya ta cikin goga, ana samar da filin maganadisu, ta yadda za a yi maɗaurin gindin zuwa cikin sandar N da sandar S. Lokacin da na'ura mai jujjuyawar ke jujjuya, motsin maganadisu a madadin yana canzawa a cikin iska mai ƙarfi, bisa ga ka'idar shigar da wutar lantarki, iskar da iska mai hawa uku zai haifar da musanyawar ƙarfin lantarki. Wannan shi ne yadda mai canzawa ke samar da wutar lantarki.
Babban mai motsi (watau ingin) yana jan injin janareta mai jin daɗi na DC don jujjuyawa a saurin n(rpm), da yuwuwar shigar da wutar lantarki stator mai hawa uku. Idan an haɗa iskar stator zuwa nauyin wutar lantarki, motar tana da wutar lantarki ta AC, kuma wutar AC tana jujjuya kai tsaye daga tashar fitarwa ta gadar gyara da ke cikin janareta.
Alternator ya kasu kashi biyu na stator winding da rotor winding, uku-lokaci stator winding aka rarraba a kan harsashi bisa ga Electric Angle na 120 digiri bambanci tsakanin juna, na'ura mai juyi winding ya ƙunshi biyu iyakacin duniya claws. Lokacin da aka haɗa iskar rotor zuwa kai tsaye, yana jin daɗi, kuma ƙullun sandar igiya guda biyu suna samar da sandar N da sandar S. Layin filin maganadisu yana farawa daga sandar N, ya shiga cikin ma'aunin stator ta ratar iska kuma ya koma madaidaicin sandar S. Da zarar na'urar ta jujjuya, injin rotor zai yanke layin ƙarfin maganadisu, kuma ya haifar da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na sinusoidal tare da bambanci na kusurwar wutar lantarki mai digiri 120 a cikin iskar stator, wato alternating current na zamani, sa'an nan kuma ta hanyar abin da aka haɗa da gyara. na diodes zuwa cikin fitarwa kai tsaye.
Lokacin da aka rufe, baturin ya fara samar da halin yanzu. Da'irar ita ce:
Tabbatacce batir → hasken caji → lamba mai daidaitawa → iska mai jan hankali → ƙarfen cinya → mummunan baturi. A wannan lokacin, hasken mai nuna caji zai haskaka saboda wucewa ta yanzu.
Sai dai bayan injin ya tashi, yayin da saurin janareta ya karu, wutar lantarki ta tashar janareto shima yana karuwa. Lokacin da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na janareta yayi daidai da ƙarfin baturi, yuwuwar ƙarfin ƙarshen "B" da ƙarshen "D" na janareta ya zama daidai, a wannan lokacin, hasken wutar lantarki yana kashewa saboda yuwuwar bambancin dake tsakanin su biyun. iyakar sifili ne. Yana nuna cewa janareta yana aiki bisa ga al'ada kuma wutar lantarki tana samar da wutar lantarki da kanta. Ƙarfin wutar lantarki na AC mai hawa uku da aka samar ta hanyar iska mai hawa uku a cikin janareta ana gyara shi ta diode kuma yana fitar da halin yanzu kai tsaye don samar da wuta ga kaya da cajin baturi.
Alternator gabaɗaya ya ƙunshi sassa huɗu: rotor, stator, rectifier da hular ƙarshe.
(1) Rotor
Ayyukan rotor shine don samar da filin maganadisu mai juyawa.
Rotor ya ƙunshi sandar katsewa, karkiya, jujjuyawar filin maganadisu, zoben tattarawa da mashin rotor.
Ana danne sandunan katsewa guda biyu akan mashin rotor, kuma kowanne daga cikin sandunan kaso biyu yana da sandunan maganadisu na bakin tsuntsu guda shida. Ana shirya iskar maganadisu (rotor coil) da karkiya na maganadisu a cikin rami na sandar kambori.
Zoben mai tarawa ya ƙunshi zoben tagulla guda biyu waɗanda aka keɓe daga juna. Ana danna zoben mai tarawa a kan shingen rotor kuma an sanya shi tare da shaft. Zoben masu tarawa guda biyu suna haɗe zuwa ƙarshen iskar maganadisu biyu.
Lokacin da zoben masu tarawa guda biyu suka shiga cikin madaidaiciyar halin yanzu (ta cikin goga), akwai lokacin ta hanyar iskar maganadisu, kuma ana haifar da motsin magnetic axial, ta yadda sandar katse guda ɗaya ta zama magnetized zuwa sandar N, ɗayan kuma yana magnetized. zuwa sandar S, don haka ya zama nau'i-nau'i guda shida na igiyoyin maganadisu. Yayin da rotor ke juyawa, ana ƙirƙirar filin maganadisu mai jujjuyawa [1].
Da'irar maganadisu ta alternator ita ce: Yoke →N pole → ratar iska tsakanin rotor da stator → stator → Ratar iska tsakanin stator da rotor →S pole → Yoke.
(2) Taurari
Ayyukan stator shine samar da alternating current.
Stator ya ƙunshi ma'aunin stator da na'ura mai kwakwalwa.
The stator core ƙunshi silicon karfe zanen gado tare da tsagi a cikin ciki zobe, da kuma shugaba na stator winding an saka a cikin tsagi na core.
The stator winding yana da matakai uku, kuma iska na uku yana ɗaukar haɗin tauraro ko haɗin triangle (high power), wanda zai iya haifar da canji na lokaci uku.
Dole ne a raunata iska mai hawa uku bisa ga wasu buƙatu don samun mitar iri ɗaya, girman girman daidai, bambancin lokaci na 120° ƙarfin lantarki mai matakai uku.
1. Nisa tsakanin bangarorin biyu masu tasiri na kowane nada yakamata ya zama daidai da sararin da igiyar maganadisu ke mamaye.
2. Nisa tsakanin gefuna na farawa na madaidaicin madaidaicin kowane juzu'i ya kamata ya zama daidai ko ma yawa na nisa da sandunan maganadisu biyu ke shagaltar da su.
3. Ya kamata a raba gefen farawa na iska mai hawa uku ta hanyar 2π + 120o na wutar lantarki (sararin da ke dauke da nau'i-nau'i na igiyoyi na Magnetic shine 360o Electric Angle).
A cikin gida JF13 jerin alternator, biyu na Magnetic sanduna lissafin wa sarari matsayi na 6 ramummuka (60o Electric Angle per Ramin), wani Magnetic iyakacin duniya lissafin ga sarari matsayi na 3 ramummuka, don haka matsayi tazara na biyu tasiri bangarorin na. kowane coil ramummuka ne 3, nisa tsakanin farkon gefen kowane lokaci mai jujjuyawa kusa da nada 6 ramummuka, farkon gefen iska mai hawa uku ana iya raba shi da ramummuka 2, ramummuka 8, ramummuka 3. 14 ramummuka, da sauransu.
(3) Mai gyarawa
Matsayin mai gyara alternator shine ya canza canjin halin yanzu mai jujjuyawan stator zuwa yanzu kai tsaye. Mai gyara na 6-tube alternator shine da'irar gyara gada mai cike da igiyar ruwa mai hawa uku wacce ta ƙunshi diodes masu gyara silicon guda 6, kuma bututun gyara 6 ana matse su (ko welded) akan faranti biyu.
1. Halayen siliki mai gyara diodes na mota
(1) Babban aiki na yanzu, matsakaita na gaba na yanzu 50A, haɓaka na yanzu 600A;
(2) Babban ƙarfin juzu'i, jujjuya maimaita mafi girman ƙarfin lantarki 270V, jujjuya ƙarfin ƙarfin da ba maimaituwa ba 300V;
(3) Guda guda ɗaya ce. Sannan wasu nau'in gubar diode suna da kyau, wasu kuma diode gubar ba su da kyau, bututun da ke da layin gubar ana kiransa da kyau tube, kuma bututun da ke da layin gubar ana kiransa datti, don haka diode mai gyara yana da diode mai kyau da kuma korau diode.
(4) Ƙarshen murfin
Gabaɗaya murfin ƙarshen yana kasu kashi biyu (rufin ƙarshen gaba da murfin ƙarshen baya), wanda ke taka rawar gyara rotor, stator, rectifier da taron goga. Ƙarshen murfin gabaɗaya ana jefa shi tare da gami na aluminium, wanda zai iya hana yaɗuwar maganadisu yadda ya kamata kuma yana da kyakkyawan aikin watsar da zafi.
An samar da murfin ƙarshen ƙarshen tare da taron goga wanda ya ƙunshi goga, mariƙin goga da maɓuɓɓugar goge. Matsayin goga shine gabatar da wutar lantarki ta hanyar zoben mai tarawa a cikin iska.
Alamar da ke tsakanin iskar maganadisu (burashi biyu) da janareta ya bambanta, ta yadda janareta ya kasu kashi na ciki da na waje.
1. Internal Lap Iron Generator: A janareta tare da Magnetic filin winding korau kai tsaye baƙin ƙarfe (kai tsaye hade da gidaje).
2. Generator mai sanye da kayan waje: Janareta wanda duka buroshi na iskan filin ke keɓe daga gidan.
Rashin wutar lantarki (buro mara kyau) na iskar magnetic filin janareta na nau'in ƙarfe na waje an haɗa shi da mai sarrafawa, sannan an haɗa baƙin ƙarfe bayan wucewa.
Idan kana son ƙarin sani, ci gaba da karanta sauran labaran kan wannan rukunin yanar gizon!
Da fatan za a kira mu idan kuna buƙatar irin waɗannan samfuran.
Zhuo Meng Shanghai Auto Co., Ltd. ya jajirce don siyar da sassan motoci na MG&MAUXS maraba da siyarwa.
