Hannun jujjuyawa yawanci yana tsakanin dabaran da jiki, kuma wani sashi ne na aminci da ke da alaƙa da direba wanda ke watsa ƙarfi, raunana watsawar girgiza, da sarrafa jagora.
Hannun jujjuyawa yawanci yana tsakanin dabaran da jiki, kuma sashin aminci ne mai alaƙa da direba wanda ke watsa ƙarfi, rage watsawar girgiza, da sarrafa jagora. Wannan labarin yana gabatar da tsarin tsarin gama gari na hannun hannu a kasuwa, kuma yana kwatantawa da nazarin tasirin tsarin daban-daban akan tsari, inganci da farashi.
Dakatarwar chassis na mota ta kasu kusan zuwa dakatarwar gaba da dakatarwar ta baya. Dukansu dakatarwar gaba da ta baya suna da hannaye masu juyawa don haɗa ƙafafun da jiki. Hannun motsi yawanci suna tsakanin ƙafafun da jiki.
Matsayin hannun jagorar jujjuyawar shine haɗa dabaran da firam, watsa ƙarfi, rage watsa jijjiga, da sarrafa alkibla. Sashin aminci ne wanda ya haɗa da direba. Akwai sassan tsarin da ke ba da ƙarfi da ƙarfi a cikin tsarin dakatarwa, ta yadda ƙafafun ke motsawa dangane da jiki bisa ga wani yanayi. Sassan tsarin suna watsa kaya, kuma duk tsarin dakatarwa yana ɗaukar aikin sarrafa motar.
Ayyukan gama gari da ƙirar ƙirar mota ta hannu
1. Don saduwa da buƙatun canja wurin kaya, ƙirar ƙirar hannu da fasaha
Yawancin motocin zamani suna amfani da tsarin dakatarwa masu zaman kansu. Dangane da nau'ikan tsari daban-daban, ana iya raba tsarin dakatarwa masu zaman kansu zuwa nau'in buri, nau'in hannun hannu, nau'in mahaɗi da yawa, nau'in kyandir da nau'in McPherson. Hannun giciye da hannun mai bin diddigin tsarin ƙarfi biyu ne don hannu ɗaya a cikin mahaɗi da yawa, tare da maki biyu na haɗin gwiwa. An haɗu da sanduna biyu masu ƙarfi a kan haɗin gwiwa na duniya a wani kusurwa, kuma layin haɗin kai na maki masu haɗawa suna samar da tsarin triangular. Ƙarƙashin dakatarwar gaban MacPherson hannun hannu ne na yau da kullun mai lanƙwasa maki uku tare da maki uku. Layin da ke haɗa wuraren haɗin kai guda uku wani tsayayyen tsari ne mai kusurwa uku wanda zai iya jure lodi ta hanyoyi da yawa.
Tsarin ƙwanƙwasa mai ƙarfi biyu yana da sauƙi, kuma ana ƙaddamar da tsarin tsarin sau da yawa bisa ga ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararru da sauƙin sarrafa kowane kamfani. Misali tsarin karfen da aka hatimi (duba Hoto na 1), tsarin zanen farantin karfe ne guda daya ba tare da walda ba, kuma kogon tsarin galibi yana cikin siffar “I”; da takardar welded tsarin (duba Hoto 2), tsarin zane shi ne farantin karfe welded, kuma kogon tsarin ya fi girma Yana cikin siffar "口"; ko ana amfani da faranti na ƙarfafawa na gida don walda da ƙarfafa matsayi mai haɗari; tsarin sarrafa injin ƙirƙira na ƙarfe, rami tsarin yana da ƙarfi, kuma an fi daidaita siffar bisa ga buƙatun shimfidar chassis; tsarin sarrafa injin ƙirƙira aluminium (duba Hoto 3), tsarin Ramin yana da ƙarfi, kuma buƙatun sifa sun yi kama da ƙirƙira ƙarfe; Tsarin bututun ƙarfe yana da sauƙi a cikin tsari, kuma ramin tsarin yana da madauwari.
Tsarin hannu na juyawa mai maki uku yana da rikitarwa, kuma tsarin ƙirar galibi ana ƙaddara bisa ga buƙatun OEM. A cikin binciken simintin motsi, hannun lilo ba zai iya tsoma baki tare da wasu sassa ba, kuma yawancinsu suna da ƙarancin buƙatun nesa. Misali, da hatimi takardar karfe tsarin ne mafi yawa amfani a lokaci guda da takardar karfe welded tsarin, firikwensin kayan doki rami ko stabilizer mashaya a haɗa sanda dangane sashi, da dai sauransu zai canza zane tsarin na lilo hannu; Kogon tsarin har yanzu yana cikin sifar “baki”, kuma rami na hannu zai Rufe tsarin ya fi tsarin da ba a rufe ba. Ƙirƙirar tsarin injina, kogon tsarin galibi shine sifar "I", wanda ke da halaye na gargajiya na juriya da juriya; simintin gyare-gyaren injuna, siffa da kogon tsari galibi ana sanye su da haƙarƙari masu ƙarfafawa da ramukan rage nauyi bisa ga halayen simintin; Weld karfe tsarin da aka haɗa tare da ƙirƙira, saboda shimfidar buƙatun sararin samaniya na chassis na abin hawa, haɗin ƙwallon ƙwallon yana haɗawa cikin ƙirƙira, kuma an haɗa ƙirƙira tare da ƙirar takarda; simintin gyare-gyaren mashin ɗin aluminum na simintin gyare-gyare yana samar da mafi kyawun amfani da kayan aiki da haɓaka fiye da ƙirƙira, kuma yana da Ya fi ƙarfin kayan aikin simintin gyare-gyare, wanda shine aikace-aikacen sabuwar fasaha.
2. Rage watsawar jijjiga zuwa jiki, da kuma tsarin tsarin na'urar roba a wurin haɗin gwiwar hannu.
Tunda saman titin da motar ke tuki a kai ba zai iya zama kwata-kwata ba, karfin amsawar hanyar da ke aiki a kan ƙafafun yana yawan yin tasiri, musamman lokacin tuki da sauri a kan mummunar hanya, wannan tasirin tasirin kuma yana haifar da direban. don jin dadi. , Ana shigar da abubuwa na roba a cikin tsarin dakatarwa, kuma an canza haɗin haɗin kai zuwa haɗin haɗin gwiwa. Bayan abin da ya shafi na'urar roba, yana haifar da girgizawa, kuma ci gaba da girgiza yana sa direba ya ji dadi, don haka tsarin dakatarwa yana buƙatar abubuwan damping don rage girman girgizar da sauri.
Abubuwan haɗin haɗin gwiwa a cikin ƙirar ƙirar hannu na hannu sune haɗin haɗin gwiwa na roba da haɗin haɗin ƙwallon ƙwallon. Abubuwan na roba suna ba da damping vibration da ƙaramin adadin jujjuyawar juzu'i da oscillating na 'yanci. Ana amfani da bushing robar sau da yawa azaman kayan gyara na roba a cikin motoci, kuma ana amfani da bushings na ruwa da giciye.
Hoto 2 Sheet karfe walda hannu
Tsarin daji na roba galibi bututu ne na karfe tare da roba a waje, ko tsarin sanwici na bututun karfe-roba-karfe. Bututun ƙarfe na ciki yana buƙatar juriya na matsa lamba da buƙatun diamita, kuma serrations anti-skid suna gama gari a ƙarshen duka. Rubutun roba yana daidaita tsarin kayan abu da tsarin ƙira bisa ga buƙatun rigidity daban-daban.
Ƙarfe mafi girma sau da yawa yana da buƙatun kusurwar jagora, wanda zai dace da latsawa.
Bushing na hydraulic yana da tsari mai rikitarwa, kuma samfuri ne mai rikitarwa da ƙima mai girma a cikin nau'in bushewa. Akwai rami a cikin roba, kuma akwai mai a cikin rami. Ana aiwatar da ƙirar tsarin rami bisa ga buƙatun aikin bushing. Idan mai ya zubo, daji ya lalace. Na'urar bushings na hydraulic na iya samar da ingantacciyar lanƙwasa, yana shafar tukin abin hawa gaba ɗaya.
Ƙaƙwalwar giciye yana da tsari mai rikitarwa kuma wani yanki ne na roba da hinges na ball. Zai iya samar da mafi kyawun karko fiye da bushing, kusurwar juyawa da kusurwar juyawa, juzu'i na musamman, da saduwa da buƙatun aikin duka abin hawa. Lalacewar maƙallan giciye zai haifar da hayaniya a cikin taksi lokacin da abin hawa ke tafiya.
3. Tare da motsi na dabaran, tsarin tsarin tsarin motsi na motsi a wurin haɗin gwiwar hannu.
Wurin da bai dace ba yana sa ƙafafu su yi tsalle sama da ƙasa dangane da jiki (frame), kuma a lokaci guda ƙafafun suna motsawa, kamar juyawa, tafiya madaidaiciya, da sauransu, yana buƙatar yanayin ƙafafun don biyan wasu buƙatu. Hannun lilo da haɗin gwiwar duniya galibi ana haɗa su ta hanyar hinge na ƙwallon ƙafa.
Ƙaƙwalwar ƙwallon ƙafar hannu na iya samar da kusurwar juyawa fiye da ± 18 °, kuma yana iya samar da kusurwar juyawa na 360 °. Cikakkun ya gamu da guduwar dabaran da buƙatun tuƙi. Kuma hinge ball ya cika buƙatun garanti na shekaru 2 ko kilomita 60,000 da shekaru 3 ko kilomita 80,000 don duk abin hawa.
Dangane da hanyoyin haɗin kai daban-daban tsakanin hannun hannu da ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon, bisa ga hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa daban-daban. latsa-fit haɗin kutse, ƙwallon ƙwallon ba shi da flange; hadedde, hannun lilo da madaidaicin ƙwallon Duk a ɗaya. Don tsarin ƙarfe guda ɗaya da tsarin welded mai nau'i-nau'i da yawa, tsoffin nau'ikan haɗin gwiwa sun fi amfani da su; nau'in haɗin gwiwa na ƙarshe kamar ƙirƙira ƙarfe, ƙirƙirar aluminum da simintin ƙarfe an fi amfani da shi sosai.
Ƙaƙwalwar ƙwallon ƙafa yana buƙatar saduwa da juriya na lalacewa a ƙarƙashin yanayin nauyin kaya, saboda girman girman aiki fiye da bushing, mafi girman bukatun rayuwa. Sabili da haka, ana buƙatar ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon da za a tsara shi azaman tsarin haɗin gwiwa, gami da ingantaccen lubrication na lilo da ƙurar ƙura da tsarin lubrication mai hana ruwa.
Hoto na 3 Aluminum ƙirƙira hannu na lilo
Tasirin ƙirar hannun hannu akan inganci da farashi
1. Quality factor: da haske mafi kyau
Mitar yanayi na jiki (wanda kuma aka sani da mitar girgizawa kyauta na tsarin jijjiga) wanda aka ƙaddara ta tsauri na dakatarwa da kuma yawan da ke goyan bayan bazarar dakatarwa (sprong mass) yana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman alamun aiki na tsarin dakatarwa wanda ke shafar hawa kwanciyar hankali da mota. Mitar girgizar tsaye da jikin ɗan adam ke amfani da ita ita ce yawan motsin jiki sama da ƙasa yayin tafiya, wanda ya kai kimanin 1-1.6Hz. Mitar yanayin jiki yakamata ya kasance kusa da yuwuwar wannan kewayon mitar. Lokacin da ƙaƙƙarfan tsarin dakatarwa ya kasance akai-akai, ƙarami mai girma, ƙarami na nakasar dakatarwar, kuma mafi girman mitar yanayi.
Lokacin da nauyin da ke tsaye ya kasance akai-akai, ƙarami ƙunƙarar dakatarwa, ƙananan mita na mota, kuma mafi girman sararin samaniya da ake bukata don tsalle sama da ƙasa.
Lokacin da yanayin hanya da saurin abin hawa suka kasance iri ɗaya, ƙarami mara nauyi, ƙaramin tasirin tasirin akan tsarin dakatarwa. Ƙungiyar da ba ta da tushe ta haɗa da yawan ƙafar ƙafa, haɗin gwiwa na duniya da taro na jagora, da dai sauransu.
Gabaɗaya, hannu na murzawa na aluminium yana da mafi ƙarancin nauyi kuma hannun simintin ƙarfe yana da mafi girman taro. Wasu kuma suna tsakani.
Tunda yawan tarin makamai masu linzami yawanci bai wuce 10kg ba, idan aka kwatanta da abin hawa mai nauyin fiye da 1000kg, yawan hannun hannu yana da ɗan tasiri akan yawan mai.
2. Farashin farashi: ya dogara da tsarin ƙira
Ƙarin buƙatun, mafi girman farashi. A kan yanayin cewa ƙarfin tsari da tsattsauran ra'ayi na hannun hannu sun cika buƙatun, buƙatun juriya na masana'anta, wahalar aiwatar da masana'anta, nau'in kayan abu da samuwa, da buƙatun lalata ƙasa duk suna shafar farashin kai tsaye. Alal misali, anti-lalata dalilai: electro-galvanized shafi, ta hanyar surface passivation da sauran jiyya, iya cimma game da 144h; Kariyar kariya ta kasu kashi kashi na fenti na electrophoretic na cathodic, wanda zai iya cimma juriya na lalata 240h ta hanyar daidaita kauri da hanyoyin magani; tutiya-baƙin ƙarfe Ko zinc-nickel shafi, wanda zai iya saduwa da anti-lalata gwajin bukatun fiye da 500h. Kamar yadda buƙatun gwajin lalata ke ƙaruwa, haka farashin ɓangaren ke ƙaruwa.
Za'a iya rage farashin ta hanyar kwatanta ƙira da tsarin tsare-tsare na hannu mai lilo.
Kamar yadda muka sani, nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan iri daban-daban suna ba da aikin tuki daban-daban. Musamman ma, ya kamata a nuna cewa tsari mai wuyar gaske guda ɗaya da ƙirar haɗin haɗin kai daban-daban na iya ba da farashi daban-daban.
Akwai nau'ikan haɗin kai guda uku tsakanin sassa na tsari da haɗin gwiwar ƙwallon ƙafa: haɗi ta hanyar daidaitattun sassa (kusoshi, goro ko rivets), tsangwama dacewa haɗin haɗin gwiwa da haɗin kai. Idan aka kwatanta da daidaitaccen tsarin haɗin kai, tsangwama dacewa tsarin haɗin kai yana rage nau'ikan sassa, kamar kusoshi, kwayoyi, rivets da sauran sassa. Haɗe-haɗe guda ɗaya fiye da tsangwama dacewa tsarin haɗin haɗin gwiwa yana rage adadin sassan harsashi na haɗin gwiwa na ƙwallon ƙwallon.
Akwai nau'o'i biyu na haɗin gwiwa tsakanin memba na tsarin da kashi na roba: na gaba da na baya abubuwa na roba suna axially da kuma axially perpendicular. Hanyoyi daban-daban suna ƙayyade matakai daban-daban na haɗuwa. Misali, hanyar latsawa na bushing tana cikin shugabanci iri ɗaya kuma daidai gwargwado ga jikin hannu na lilo. Za'a iya amfani da latsawa mai kai biyu na tashar guda ɗaya don danna-daidaita bushings na gaba da baya a lokaci guda, ceton ma'aikata, kayan aiki da lokaci; Idan jagorar shigarwa ba ta dace ba (a tsaye), ana iya amfani da latsawa mai kai biyu na tashar guda ɗaya don dannawa da shigar da bushing a jere, ceton ma'aikata da kayan aiki; lokacin da aka ƙera daji don shigar da shi daga ciki, ana buƙatar tashoshi biyu da latsa biyu, a jere suna dacewa da daji.
