A yayin tuki, motar tana buƙatar canza alkiblar tuki akai-akai bisa ga wasiyyar direba, wanda shine abin da ake kira tuƙi na mota. Dangane da motocin da ke da ƙafafu, hanyar da za a bi don cimma tuƙin motar ita ce direban yana yin ƙafafun (tuƙi) a kan sitiyarin (yawanci aksali na gaba) na motar yana karkatar da wani kusurwa dangane da tsayin axis na motar ta hanyar wasu hanyoyin da aka tsara musamman. Lokacin da motar ke tuƙi a layi madaidaiciya, sitiyarin sau da yawa yana shafar ƙarfin tsangwama na gefen saman hanya, kuma yana juyawa ta atomatik don canza alkiblar tuki. A wannan lokacin, direban kuma zai iya amfani da wannan hanyar don karkatar da sitiyarin a akasin alkibla, don dawo da alkiblar tuki ta asali ta motar. Wannan saitin cibiyoyi na musamman da ake amfani da su don canza ko dawo da alkiblar tuki ta motar ana kiransa tsarin tuƙi na mota (wanda aka fi sani da tsarin tuƙi na mota). Saboda haka, aikin tsarin tuƙi na mota shine tabbatar da cewa ana iya tuƙi da tuƙi na motar bisa ga wasiyyar direba. [1]
Watsa shirye-shiryen gyara ka'idar gini
An raba tsarin tuƙi na motoci zuwa rukuni biyu: tsarin tuƙi na inji da tsarin tuƙi na wutar lantarki.
Tsarin tuƙi na inji
Tsarin sitiyarin injin yana amfani da ƙarfin direban a matsayin ƙarfin sitiyari, wanda dukkan sassan watsa wutar lantarki na injina ne. Tsarin sitiyarin injina ya ƙunshi sassa uku: tsarin sarrafa sitiyari, kayan sitiyari da tsarin watsa sitiyari.
Hoto na 1 yana nuna zane mai tsari na tsarin sitiyarin inji da kuma tsarinsa. Lokacin da abin hawa ya juya, direban yana amfani da karfin sitiyarin a kan sitiyarin 1. Ana shigar da wannan karfin sitiyarin a cikin gear 5 ta hanyar shaft ɗin sitiyarin 2, haɗin sitiyarin duniya 3 da shaft ɗin watsa sitiyarin 4. Ana tura karfin sitiyarin da aka ƙara da motsi bayan raguwa zuwa hannun sitiyarin 6, sannan a tura shi zuwa hannun sitiyarin 8 da aka gyara a kan hannun sitiyarin hagu 9 ta hanyar sandar madaidaiciya 7, don haka ana aika da hannun sitiyarin hagu da kuma hannun sitiyarin hagu da yake tallafawa. Ana karkatar da dabarar sitiyarin. Domin karkatar da hannun sitiyarin dama 13 da kuma ƙafafun dama da yake tallafawa ta kusurwoyi masu dacewa, ana kuma samar da trapezoid na sitiyarin. Trapezoid ɗin sitiyarin ya ƙunshi hannayen trapezoid 10 da 12 da aka gyara a kan ƙusoshin sitiyarin hagu da dama da kuma sandar ɗaure sitiyarin 11 wanda ƙarshensa an haɗa shi da hannun trapezoid ta hanyar hinges na ball.
Siffa ta 1 Zane-zanen tsarin sitiyarin injina da tsarinsa
Siffa ta 1 Zane-zanen tsarin sitiyarin injina da tsarinsa
Jerin abubuwan da aka haɗa da sassan da ke fitowa daga sitiyarin zuwa shaft ɗin watsa sitiyarin suna cikin tsarin sarrafa sitiyarin. Jerin abubuwan da aka haɗa da sassan (ban da ƙusoshin sitiyarin) daga hannun rocker zuwa trapezoid ɗin sitiyarin suna cikin tsarin watsa sitiyarin.
tsarin tuƙi mai ƙarfi
Tsarin sitiyari na wutar lantarki tsarin sitiyari ne wanda ke amfani da ƙarfin direba da ƙarfin injin a matsayin ƙarfin sitiyari. A yanayi na yau da kullun, ƙaramin ɓangare ne kawai na kuzarin da ake buƙata don sitiyarin motar, kuma mafi yawansa injin yana samar da shi ta hanyar na'urar sitiyari. Duk da haka, lokacin da na'urar sitiyari ta gaza, direban yakamata ya sami damar ɗaukar nauyin sitiyarin motar da kansa. Saboda haka, ana ƙirƙirar tsarin sitiyarin wutar lantarki ta hanyar ƙara saitin na'urorin sitiyari na wutar lantarki bisa ga tsarin sitiyarin injin.
Ga babbar mota mai nauyin kilogiram 50, da zarar na'urar tuƙi ta gaza, ƙarfin da direban ke amfani da shi a kan sitiyarin ta cikin jirgin tuƙi na injin bai isa ya karkatar da sitiyarin ba don cimma tuƙi. Saboda haka, tuƙi na irin waɗannan motocin ya kamata ya zama abin dogaro musamman.
Siffa ta 2 Zane-zanen tsarin sitiyarin wutar lantarki na hydraulic
Siffa ta 2 Zane-zanen tsarin sitiyarin wutar lantarki na hydraulic
FIG. 2 zane ne mai tsari wanda ke nuna tsarin sitiyarin wutar lantarki na hydraulic da kuma tsarin bututun na'urar sitiyarin wutar lantarki ta hydraulic. Abubuwan da ke cikin na'urar sitiyarin wutar lantarki sune: tankin mai na sitiyari 9, famfon mai na sitiyari 10, bawul mai sarrafa sitiyari 5 da silinda mai ikon sitiyari 12. Lokacin da direban ya juya sitiyarin 1 a akasin agogo (sitiyarin hagu), hannun mai jujjuya sitiyari 7 yana tura sitiyarin madaidaiciya 6 don ci gaba. Ƙarfin jan sandar ɗaure madaidaiciya yana aiki akan hannun maƙallin sitiyari 4, kuma ana watsa shi zuwa hannun trapezoidal 3 da sandar ɗaure sitiyari 11 a bi da bi, don haka yana motsawa zuwa dama. A lokaci guda, sandar madaidaiciya kuma tana tura bawul ɗin zamiya a cikin bawul ɗin sarrafa sitiyari 5, don haka ɗakin dama na sitiyarin wutar lantarki ta 12 an haɗa shi da tankin mai na sitiyari ba tare da matsin lamba na saman ruwa ba. Man mai matsin lamba mai yawa na famfon mai 10 yana shiga cikin ramin hagu na silinda mai ƙarfin sitiyari, don haka ƙarfin hydraulic na dama akan piston na silinda mai ƙarfin sitiyari yana aiki akan sandar ɗaure 11 ta cikin sandar turawa, wanda hakan kuma yana sa shi ya motsa zuwa dama. Ta wannan hanyar, ƙaramin ƙarfin sitiyari da direban ke amfani da shi a kan sitiyarin zai iya shawo kan ƙarfin juriyar sitiyarin da ke aiki a kan sitiyarin ƙasa.
