Farashin masana'anta SAIC MAXUS T60 C00021134 Swing hannu ball shugaban

ra'ayi

Tsarin dakatarwa na yau da kullun ya ƙunshi abubuwa na roba, hanyoyin jagora, masu ɗaukar girgiza, da sauransu, kuma wasu sifofi kuma suna da buffer blocks, sandunan stabilizer, da sauransu. Abubuwan roba suna cikin nau'ikan maɓuɓɓugan ganye, maɓuɓɓugan iska, maɓuɓɓugan ruwa, da torsion. mashaya ruwa. Dakatar da motoci na zamani galibi suna amfani da magudanar ruwa da magudanar ruwa, kuma wasu manyan motoci na amfani da maɓuɓɓugan iska.

Aikin sashi:

abin mamaki

Aiki: Mai ɗaukar girgiza shine babban ɓangaren da ke haifar da damping ƙarfi. Ayyukansa shine saurin rage girgiza motar, inganta jin daɗin hawan motar, da haɓaka mannewa tsakanin dabaran da ƙasa. Bugu da ƙari, mai shayarwa zai iya rage nauyin nauyin nauyin jiki, Ƙarfafa rayuwar sabis na mota. Nau'in girgizar da ake amfani da shi sosai a cikin motar, galibi nau'in silinda ce mai ɗaukar ƙarfi, kuma ana iya raba tsarinta zuwa nau'i uku: nau'in Silinda biyu, nau'in silinda mai buɗaɗawa guda ɗaya da nau'in silinda biyu. [2]

Ƙa'idar aiki: Lokacin da dabaran ya yi tsalle sama da ƙasa, fistan mai ɗaukar girgiza ya sake dawowa a cikin ɗakin aiki, don haka ruwa na abin sha ya ratsa ta kan fistan a kan piston, saboda ruwan yana da danko kuma lokacin da ruwa ya shiga. Yana wucewa ta hanyar orifice, yana cikin hulɗa tare da ramin bangon ramin ramin yana canzawa a tsakaninsu, don cimma nasarar zuwa cikin iska, don cimma aikin damping vibration.

(2) Abubuwan roba

Aiki: goyan bayan lodi na tsaye, sauƙi da hana girgiza da tasirin da bai dace ba. Abubuwan roba galibi sun haɗa da bazarar ganye, bazarar nada, magudanar ruwa, bazarar iska da ruwan roba, da sauransu.

Ƙa'ida: Sassan da aka yi da kayan da ke da tsayi mai tsayi, lokacin da dabaran ke da tasiri mai yawa, makamashin motsa jiki yana canzawa zuwa makamashi mai mahimmanci da kuma adanawa, kuma a sake shi lokacin da ƙafafun ya yi tsalle ko ya dawo zuwa yanayin tuki na asali.

(3) Hanyar jagora

Matsayin tsarin jagora shine watsa ƙarfi da lokacin, kuma yana taka rawar jagora. A lokacin aikin tuki na mota, ana iya sarrafa yanayin ƙafafun.

tasiri

Dakatarwa wani muhimmin taro ne a cikin mota, wanda ke haɗa firam ɗin tare da ƙafafun, kuma yana da alaƙa da wasan kwaikwayo daban-daban na motar. Daga waje, dakatarwar motar ta ƙunshi wasu sanduna, tubes da maɓuɓɓugan ruwa, amma kada kuyi tunanin abu ne mai sauƙi. Sabanin haka, dakatarwar motar ita ce taron mota da ke da wuyar cika cikakkiyar buƙatu, saboda dakatarwar duka biyun Don biyan buƙatun ta'aziyyar motar ne, kuma wajibi ne a cika ka'idodin kwanciyar hankali da sarrafa su, kuma waɗannan biyun. bangarorin sun saba wa juna. Alal misali, don samun ta'aziyya mai kyau, yana da muhimmanci sosai don kwantar da motsin motar, don haka bazara ya kamata a tsara shi don ya zama mai laushi, amma bazara yana da laushi, amma yana da sauƙi don sa motar ta birki "nod". ", hanzarta "kai sama" kuma da gaske mirgine hagu da dama. Halin ba ya da amfani ga tuƙi na mota, kuma yana da sauƙi don sa motar ta kasance marar ƙarfi.

dakatarwa mara zaman kanta

Siffar tsarin tsarin dakatarwar mara zaman kanta ita ce ƙafafun da ke ɓangarorin biyu suna haɗe ta hanyar axle mai mahimmanci, kuma ƙafafun tare da axle ana dakatar da su ƙarƙashin firam ko jikin abin hawa ta hanyar dakatarwa na roba. Dakatar da ba mai zaman kanta ba tana da fa'idodin tsari mai sauƙi, ƙarancin farashi, ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, sauƙi mai sauƙi, da ƙananan canje-canje a jeri na gaba yayin tuki. Duk da haka, saboda rashin jin daɗi da kwanciyar hankali, an daina amfani da shi a cikin motoci na zamani. , galibi ana amfani da su a manyan motoci da bas.

Leaf spring ba mai zaman kanta dakatar

Ana amfani da bazarar leaf azaman sinadari na roba na dakatarwar mara zaman kanta. Domin kuma yana aiki azaman hanyar jagora, tsarin dakatarwa yana da sauƙaƙa sosai.

Longitudinal leaf spring ba mai zaman kanta dakatar yana amfani da maɓuɓɓugan ganye a matsayin abubuwa na roba kuma an shirya shi akan motar a layi ɗaya da axis na motar.

Ƙa'idar aiki: Lokacin da motar ke gudana akan hanya marar daidaituwa kuma ta ci karo da nauyin tasiri, ƙafafun suna fitar da axle don tsalle sama, da kuma bazarar ganye da ƙananan ƙarshen abin girgiza suma suna motsawa a lokaci guda. Ana iya daidaita tsayin tsayin daka yayin motsi zuwa sama na bazarar ganye ta hanyar haɓaka lugga na baya ba tare da tsangwama ba. Saboda babban ƙarshen mai ɗaukar girgiza yana daidaitawa kuma ƙananan ƙarshen yana motsawa sama, yana daidai da aiki a cikin yanayin da aka matsa, kuma ana ƙara damping don rage girgizar. Lokacin da adadin tsalle-tsalle na axle ya wuce nisa tsakanin shingen buffer da katange iyaka, toshe toshe lambobi kuma an matsa tare da ƙayyadaddun toshe. [2]

Rabewa: Za'a iya raba ramuka na tsawon ganyen bazara wanda ba mai zaman kansa ba zuwa asymmetric Longitudinal leaf spring mara zaman kansa, daidaiton dakatarwa da madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar ganyen bazara mara zaman kanta. Rataya ce marar zaman kanta tare da maɓuɓɓugan ganye na tsayi.

1. Asymmetric Longitudinal leaf spring ba mai zaman kanta dakatar

Asymmetric Longitudinal leaf spring ba mai zaman kanta dakatarwa yana nufin dakatarwa wanda nisa tsakanin tsakiyar ƙulli na U-dimbin yawa da tsakiyar lugs a ƙarshen duka ba daidai ba ne lokacin da aka kafa maɓuɓɓugar leaf mai tsayi zuwa ga axle (gada) .

2. Ma'auni dakatarwa

Madaidaicin dakatarwa shine dakatarwa wanda ke tabbatar da cewa nauyin a tsaye akan ƙafafun akan gatari da aka haɗa (axle) koyaushe daidai yake. Ayyukan amfani da madaidaicin dakatarwa shine tabbatar da kyakkyawar hulɗa tsakanin ƙafafun da ƙasa, nauyin guda ɗaya, da kuma tabbatar da cewa direba zai iya sarrafa hanyar mota kuma motar tana da isasshen ƙarfin tuki.

Dangane da tsari daban-daban, za a iya raba dakatarwar ma'auni zuwa nau'i biyu: nau'in bugun sanda da nau'in hannu.

①Tsarin ma'auni dakatarwa. An kafa shi tare da maɓuɓɓugan ganye a tsaye, kuma an sanya iyakarsa biyu a cikin nau'in nau'in farantin faifai a saman hannun rigar axle na baya. An daidaita sashin tsakiya akan harsashi mai ɗaukar ma'auni ta hanyar kusoshi masu siffa U, kuma yana iya juyawa a kusa da ma'aunin ma'auni, kuma ana daidaita ma'aunin ma'auni akan firam ɗin abin hawa ta madaidaicin. Ɗayan ƙarshen sandar turawa yana daidaitawa akan firam ɗin abin hawa, ɗayan kuma an haɗa shi da axle. Ana amfani da sandar turawa don watsa ƙarfin tuƙi, ƙarfin birki da ƙarfin amsa daidai.

Ƙa'idar aiki na dakatar da ma'auni na tura sanda shine motar axle da yawa da ke tuƙi akan hanya marar daidaituwa. Idan kowane dabaran ya ɗauki tsarin farantin karfe na yau da kullun azaman dakatarwa, ba zai iya tabbatar da cewa duk ƙafafun suna cikin cikakkiyar hulɗa da ƙasa ba, wato, wasu ƙafafun suna ɗaukar nauyin rage A tsaye (ko ma sifili) zai sa ya yi wahala ga direba don sarrafa alkiblar tafiya idan abin ya faru a kan ƙafafun. Idan abin ya faru da ƙafafun tuƙi, wasu (idan ba duka ba) na ƙarfin tuƙi za su ɓace. Shigar da axle na tsakiya da na baya na abin hawa uku a kan iyakar biyu na ma'aunin ma'auni, kuma tsakiyar ɓangaren ma'auni yana haɗi tare da firam ɗin abin hawa. Saboda haka, ƙafafun da ke kan gadoji biyu ba za su iya motsawa sama da ƙasa da kansu ba. Idan kowace dabaran ta nutse a cikin rami, ɗayan dabaran yana motsawa sama ƙarƙashin tasirin ma'aunin ma'auni. Tun da hannayen sandunan stabilizer suna da tsayi daidai, nauyin tsaye akan ƙafafun biyu koyaushe daidai yake.

Ana amfani da dakatarwar ma'auni na matsa don gatari na baya na 6 × 6 motar kashe-kashe mai tsayi uku da kuma motar 6×4 uku.

② Dakatar da ma'auni na hannu. Dakatar da tsakiyar-axle ta ɗauki tsarin bazara na ganye mai tsayi. An haɗe lugar ta baya zuwa ƙarshen gaban hannu na lilo, yayin da madaidaicin madaidaicin hannun dama yana haɗe da firam. Ƙarshen ƙarshen hannun maɗaukaki yana haɗe da axle na baya (axle) na motar.

Ka'idar aiki na dakatar da ma'auni na hannu shine cewa motar tana tuƙi akan hanya marar daidaituwa. Idan gada ta tsakiya ta fada cikin rami, za'a ja hannun musabaha ta hanyar baya kuma a juya agogon baya kusa da mashigin hannu. Dabarar axle zata motsa sama. Hannun jujjuyawar a nan babban lefa ne, kuma rabon rabon nauyi na tsaye akan axles na tsakiya da na baya ya dogara da girman rabo na hannun lilo da tsayin gaba da na bayan ganyen bazara.

Kwangila bazara ba dakatarwa mai zaman kanta ba

Saboda magudanar ruwa, a matsayin sinadari na roba, zai iya ɗaukar kaya a tsaye kawai, ya kamata a ƙara na'urar jagora da abin sha a cikin tsarin dakatarwa.

Ya ƙunshi maɓuɓɓugan ruwa, masu ɗaukar girgiza, sandunan turawa a tsaye, sandunan turawa ta gefe, sandunan ƙarfafawa da sauran abubuwa. Siffar tsarin ita ce ƙafafun hagu da dama an haɗa su gaba ɗaya tare da dukan sanda. Ƙarshen ƙarshen mai ɗaukar girgiza yana daidaitawa akan goyan bayan axle na baya, kuma ƙarshen babba yana rataye da jikin abin hawa. An saita magudanar ruwa a tsakanin bazara ta sama da ƙasan wurin zama a wajen abin ɗaukar girgiza. Ƙarshen ƙarshen sandar matsawa mai tsayi yana waldi akan gatari kuma ƙarshen gaba yana rataye da firam ɗin abin hawa. Ɗayan ƙarshen sandar jujjuyawar yana rataye a jikin abin hawa, ɗayan ƙarshen kuma yana rataye a kan gatari. Lokacin aiki, bazara yana ɗaukar nauyin a tsaye, kuma tsayin tsayin ƙarfi da ƙarfin juzu'i suna ɗaukar sanduna a tsaye da masu jujjuyawa. Lokacin da dabaran ta yi tsalle, gabaɗayan gatari yana jujjuyawa a kusa da wuraren hinge na sandar ƙwanƙwasa mai tsayi da sandar tura ta gefe a jikin abin abin hawa. Dusar ƙanƙara ta roba a wuraren faɗuwa tana kawar da tsangwama lokacin da gatari ke juyawa. Dakatarwar da ba ta zaman kanta ba ta dace da dakatarwar motocin fasinja ta baya.

Air spring rashin zaman kanta dakatar

Lokacin da motar ke gudana, saboda canjin kaya da filin hanya, ana buƙatar ƙin dakatarwa don canzawa daidai. Ana buƙatar motoci don rage tsayin jiki da kuma ƙara gudu akan hanyoyi masu kyau; don ƙara tsayin jiki da haɓaka ƙarfin wucewa akan hanyoyi marasa kyau, don haka ana buƙatar tsayin jiki don daidaitawa bisa ga buƙatun amfani. Dakatarwar da ba ta zaman kanta ba na iya biyan irin waɗannan buƙatun.

Ya ƙunshi kwampreso, tankin ajiya na iska, bawul mai kula da tsayi, magudanar iska, sandar sarrafawa, da sauransu. Bugu da ƙari, akwai masu ɗaukar girgiza, makamai masu jagora, da sandunan stabilizer na gefe. An daidaita maɓuɓɓugar iska tsakanin firam (jiki) da axle, kuma an daidaita bawul ɗin sarrafa tsayi akan jikin abin hawa. Ƙarshen sandan fistan yana rataye tare da giciye hannun sandar sarrafawa, kuma ɗayan ƙarshen giciye yana rataye da sandar sarrafawa. Ana goyan bayan ɓangaren tsakiya a kan babban ɓangaren iska na iska, kuma ƙananan ƙarshen sandar sarrafawa yana daidaitawa a kan axle. Abubuwan da suka haɗa da maɓuɓɓugar iska suna haɗuwa tare ta hanyar bututun mai. Babban iskar gas da kwampressor ke samarwa yana shiga cikin tankin ajiyar iska ta hanyar mai raba ruwan mai da mai kula da matsa lamba, sannan ya shiga bawul mai kula da tsayin iska ta hanyar tace iska bayan fitowa daga tankin ajiyar gas. Tankin ajiyar iska, tankin ajiyar iska yana haɗuwa tare da maɓuɓɓugan iska akan kowace dabaran, don haka ƙarfin iskar gas a cikin kowane maɓuɓɓugar iska yana ƙaruwa tare da haɓakar adadin da aka hura, kuma a lokaci guda, jikin yana ɗaga har sai piston a ciki. bawul mai kula da tsayi zai matsa zuwa tankin ajiyar iska An katange tashar jiragen ruwa mai cike da iska na hauhawar farashin kaya. A matsayin sinadari na roba, maɓuɓɓugar iska na iya rage tasirin tasirin da ke aiki akan dabaran daga saman hanya lokacin da aka watsa shi zuwa jikin abin hawa ta hanyar axle. Bugu da ƙari, dakatarwar iska kuma na iya daidaita tsayin jikin abin hawa ta atomatik. Piston yana tsakanin tashar hauhawar farashin kaya da tashar fitarwa ta iska a cikin bawul mai kula da tsayi, kuma iskar gas daga tankin ajiyar iska yana hura tankin ajiyar iska da maɓuɓɓugar iska, kuma yana ɗaga tsayin jikin abin hawa. Lokacin da piston ya kasance a cikin matsayi na sama na tashar hauhawar farashin kaya a cikin bawul mai kula da tsayi, iskar gas da ke cikin tashar iska ta dawo tashar tashar fitarwa ta iska ta tashar hauhawar farashin kaya kuma ta shiga cikin yanayi, kuma matsa lamba na iska a cikin bazarar iska ta ragu, don haka. tsayin jikin abin hawa shima yana faduwa. Sanda mai sarrafawa da hannun giciye akan shi suna ƙayyade matsayin piston a cikin bawul ɗin sarrafawa mai tsayi.

Dakatarwar iska tana da fa'idodi iri-iri kamar yin motar motar tare da ta'aziyyar tafiya mai kyau, fahimtar axis guda ɗaya ko ɗagawa da yawa lokacin da ya cancanta, canza tsayin jikin abin hawa da haifar da ɗan lahani ga farfajiyar hanya, da sauransu. amma kuma yana da tsari mai rikitarwa da tsauraran bukatu don rufewa. da sauran gazawa. Ana amfani da shi a cikin motocin fasinja na kasuwanci, manyan motoci, tirela da wasu motocin fasinja.

Mai da iskar gas ba ta dakatar da zaman kanta ba

The man-pneumatic spring ba mai zaman kanta dakatar yana nufin rashin zaman kanta dakatar a lokacin da na roba kashi rungumi dabi'ar mai-pneumatic spring.

Ya ƙunshi maɓuɓɓugan mai da iskar gas, sandunan turawa ta gefe, tubalan buffer, sandunan turawa mai tsayi da sauran abubuwan da aka gyara. Ƙarshen ƙarshen maɓuɓɓugar man fetur-pneumatic yana daidaitawa a kan firam ɗin abin hawa, kuma ƙananan ƙarshen an daidaita shi a kan gatari na gaba. Bangaren hagu da dama suna amfani da ƙaramin sandar matsawa na tsaye don kasancewa tsakanin gatari na gaba da katako mai tsayi. Ana ɗora sandar matsar tsayi ta sama a kan gatari na gaba da maƙallan ciki na katako mai tsayi. Sandunan matsar tsayi na sama da na ƙasa suna yin daidaici, wanda ake amfani da shi don tabbatar da cewa kusurwar simintin sarki ba ta canzawa lokacin da ƙafar ta yi tsalle sama da ƙasa. Sanda mai jujjuyawa yana ɗorawa akan katako mai tsayi na hagu da maƙallan gefen dama na gatari na gaba. An shigar da toshe mai ɗaukar hoto a ƙarƙashin katako mai tsayi biyu. Saboda an shigar da man fetur-pneumatic spring tsakanin firam da axle, a matsayin wani nau'i na roba, zai iya sauƙaƙe tasirin tasiri daga saman hanya a kan dabaran lokacin da aka watsa shi zuwa firam, kuma a lokaci guda attenuate girgizar da ta biyo baya. . Ana amfani da sandunan matsa na sama da na ƙasa don watsa ƙarfin tsayin daka da jure lokacin da ƙarfin birki ya haifar. Sandunan turawa na gefe suna watsa dakarun gefe.

Lokacin da aka yi amfani da maɓuɓɓugar iskar gas a kan babbar motar kasuwanci mai kaya mai yawa, girmanta da nauyinta ba su da girma fiye da na ganyen ganye kuma yana da nau'i mai mahimmanci, amma yana da manyan bukatu don rufewa da kulawa mai wuyar gaske. Dakatar da man-pneumatic ya dace da manyan motocin kasuwanci masu nauyi.

Watsa shirye-shiryen dakatarwa mai zaman kanta

Tsayawa mai zaman kanta yana nufin cewa ƙafafun kowane gefe ana rataye su daban-daban daga firam ko jiki ta hanyar dakatarwa na roba. Amfaninsa shine: nauyi mai sauƙi, rage tasirin jiki, da inganta mannewar ƙasa na ƙafafun; za a iya amfani da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa mai laushi tare da ƙananan ƙwanƙwasa don inganta kwanciyar hankali na mota; za a iya saukar da matsayi na injin, kuma ana iya saukar da tsakiyar nauyi na motar, ta haka inganta kwanciyar hankali na motar; ƙafafun hagu da dama suna tsalle da kansu kuma suna da zaman kansu da juna, wanda zai iya rage karkatarwa da girgiza jikin motar. Koyaya, dakatarwar mai zaman kanta tana da rashin lahani na hadadden tsari, tsada mai tsada da kulawa mara dacewa. Yawancin motocin zamani suna amfani da dakatarwa masu zaman kansu. Dangane da nau'ikan tsari daban-daban, za a iya raba dakatarwar masu zaman kansu zuwa dakatarwar kashin fata, dakatarwar hannu, dakatarwar mahaɗi da yawa, dakatarwar kyandir, da dakatarwar MacPherson.

kashin fata

Dakatar da igiyar hannu tana nufin dakatarwa mai zaman kanta wanda ƙafafu ke jujjuyawa a cikin madaidaicin jirgin sama na mota. An raba shi zuwa dakatarwar hannu biyu da dakatarwar hannu ɗaya bisa ga adadin giciye-hannu.

Nau'in buri guda ɗaya yana da fa'idodin tsari mai sauƙi, babban cibiyar jujjuyawa da ƙarfin hana juzu'i mai ƙarfi. Duk da haka, tare da karuwar saurin motoci na zamani, cibiyar nadi mai tsayi fiye da kima zai haifar da babban canji a cikin motar motar lokacin da ƙafafun ke tsalle, kuma lalacewa na taya zai karu. Bugu da ƙari, canja wurin ƙarfin ƙafafu na hagu da dama za su yi girma da yawa yayin jujjuyawar kaifi, wanda zai haifar da ƙarar camber na ƙafafun baya. Ƙunƙarar kusurwa na tayar da baya yana raguwa, yana haifar da yanayi mai tsanani na hawan wutsiya mai sauri. Dakatar mai zaman kanta ta ƙashi guda ɗaya ana amfani da shi a cikin dakatarwar baya, amma saboda ba zai iya biyan buƙatun tuki mai sauri ba, ba a amfani da shi da yawa a halin yanzu.

An raba dakatarwar kashi biyu mai zaman kanta zuwa tsayin daidai-daidai da dakatarwar kashin biyu-biyu wanda bai yi daidai ba gwargwadon tsayin sama da na ƙasan giciye. Dakatar da kashin buri biyu daidai-daidai zai iya ci gaba da karkata hankalin sarki lokacin da dabaran ke tsalle sama da ƙasa, amma ƙafar ƙafar tana canzawa sosai (mai kama da dakatarwar ƙashin buri ɗaya), wanda ke haifar da lalacewa da tsagewar taya, kuma da wuya a yi amfani da shi yanzu. . Don dakatarwar kashi biyu mai tsayi mara daidaito, muddin aka zaɓi tsayin ƙashin babba da na ƙasa da kyau da kuma inganta shi, kuma ta hanyar tsari mai ma'ana, ana iya kiyaye canje-canjen ma'aunin daidaitawar wheelbase da gaban dabaran a cikin iyakoki masu karɓuwa, yana tabbatar da cewa. cewa abin hawa yana da kyakkyawan kwanciyar hankali. A halin yanzu, dakatarwar da ba ta yi daidai da kasusuwa biyu ba, an yi amfani da ita sosai wajen dakatar da motoci na gaba da bayanta, sannan kuma na baya na wasu motocin wasanni da na tsere su ma suna amfani da wannan tsarin dakatarwa.