Canja wurin aiki shine taƙaitaccen bayani na "hanyar aiki ta lever mai juyawa", wanda ke nufin tsarin aiki wanda direban ke ci gaba da canza matsayin lever mai juyawa tare da yanayin hanya da saurin abin hawa ta hanyar motsi daban-daban na tunani da na jiki. A cikin tsarin tuki na dogon lokaci, mutane sun wuce shi saboda taƙaitaccen sunansa kai tsaye. Yawan amfani da shi yana da yawa sosai. Kuma yadda ƙwarewar aiki (musamman motar jigilar kaya ta hannu) ke shafar amincin tukin mutane kai tsaye.
Abin da ake kira "hanyar aiki da lever ɗin juyawa" ya takaita ne ga "lever ɗin juyawa" kanta; yayin da canjawa ba wai kawai ya haɗa da "hanyar aiki da lever ɗin juyawa ba", amma mafi mahimmanci, bisa ga manufar cimma burin (canji), gami da kimanta saurin abin hawa, da sauransu. Duk hanyoyin halayyar tunani da na jiki, gami da fannoni.
Ana iya taƙaita buƙatun fasaha don canza gear da kalmomi takwas: akan lokaci, daidai, kwanciyar hankali da sauri.
A Kan Lokaci: Kwarewa wajen daidaita lokacin da ya dace, wato, bai kamata ka ƙara kayan aikin da wuri ba, kuma bai kamata ka rage kayan aikin da wuri ba.
Daidai: Ya kamata a daidaita fedar kama, fedar accelerator da kuma gear liba daidai kuma a daidaita su, kuma matsayinsu ya kamata ya zama daidai.
Mai ƙarfi: Bayan an canza zuwa sabon gear, a saki feda mai ƙarfi a cikin lokaci da kwanciyar hankali.
Sauri: Ya kamata a ɗauki matakin cikin sauri don rage lokacin canja wuri, rage asarar kuzarin motsi na motar, da kuma rage yawan amfani da mai.
yi aiki
toshe
(1) Muhimman abubuwan da ke cikin ƙara toshewa. Kafin motar ta ƙara gear, bisa ga yanayin hanya da zirga-zirga, a taka fedar mai saurin gudu a hankali sannan a ƙara saurin motar a hankali. Wannan tsari ana kiransa "gudun mota". Idan gudun abin hawa ya dace da canzawa zuwa mafi girma, nan da nan a ɗaga fedar mai saurin gudu, a taka fedar mai saurin gudu, sannan a canza ledar mai saurin gudu zuwa mafi girma; A yi tafiya a hankali. Dangane da yanayin, a yi amfani da wannan hanyar don canzawa zuwa mafi girma. Mabuɗin ƙaruwa mai santsi shine girman "motar da ke gudu". Ya kamata a ƙayyade nisan "motar da ke gudu" bisa ga matakin ƙarin gear. Mafi girman gear, tsawon nisan "motar da ke gudu". Lokacin "gudu", ya kamata a kunna fedar mai saurin gudu a hankali, kuma matsakaicin saurin ya kamata a ɗaga da sauri. Lokacin da aka ɗaga gear, bayan an canza zuwa mafi girma gear, ya kamata a ɗaga fedar mai saurin gudu zuwa matsayin da ke da alaƙa da rabi. Ya kamata a dakatar da shi na ɗan lokaci sannan a ɗaga shi a hankali don sa canja wurin wutar ya yi kyau kuma a guji sa motar ta "yi sauri gaba" bayan an canza.
(2) Lokacin ƙaruwa. Lokacin da motar ke tuƙi, matuƙar yanayin hanya da yanayin zirga-zirga sun ba da dama, ya kamata a mayar da ita zuwa mafi girman gear a kan lokaci. Kafin ƙara gear, dole ne a hanzarta "motar da ke gudu" don tabbatar da cewa akwai isasshen ƙarfi don ci gaba da tafiyar da motar cikin sauƙi bayan sauyawa. Idan "gudu" (gudun abin hawa) ya yi ƙanƙanta (ƙasa), zai haifar da ƙarancin ƙarfi da girgiza bayan sauyawa; idan lokacin "gudu" ya yi tsayi sosai, injin zai yi aiki da babban gudu na dogon lokaci, wanda zai ƙara lalacewa da raguwa da rage tattalin arziki. Saboda haka, "motar da ke gudu" ya kamata ya dace, kuma ya kamata a ƙara gear a kan lokaci. Ya kamata a ƙayyade lokacin gear bisa ga sautin injin, gudu da ƙarfi. Idan ka taka fedar mai saurin gudu bayan sauyawa, saurin injin ya ragu kuma ƙarfin bai isa ba, yana nufin cewa lokacin sauyawa ya yi da wuri.
Tsarin aiki: ƙara ƙaramin gear zuwa babban gear, a wanke man motar yadda ya kamata don ci gaba da aiki; mataki ɗaya don ɗaukar mataki na biyu don ratayewa, da kuma ɗagawa sau uku don cika mai.
Abubuwan da za a yi: a hanzarta motar don ta yi sauri don jin sautin, a taka clutch ɗin sannan a zaɓi tsaka tsaki; a jira har sai an ji sautin mai, sannan a taka clutch ɗin sannan a ƙara gear.
canjin ƙasa
(1) Muhimman abubuwan rage gear. Saki fedar accelerator, taka fedar clutch da sauri, motsa lever gear zuwa tsaka tsaki, sannan saki fedar clutch, da sauri taka fedar accelerator da ƙafar dama (ƙara "mai mara komai"), sannan da sauri taka fedar clutch, motsa lever gear zuwa ƙasan mataki Gear, danna hanyar tsayawa da sauri don sakin fedar clutch, don motar ta ci gaba da tuƙi a cikin sabon gear.
(2) Lokacin saukowa. A lokacin tuki, idan ka ji cewa ƙarfin injin bai isa ba kuma saurin abin hawa yana raguwa a hankali, hakan yana nufin cewa ainihin kayan aikin ba zai iya ci gaba da tafiyar da motar yadda ya kamata ba, kuma ya kamata ka canza zuwa ƙaramin kayan aiki a cikin lokaci da sauri. Idan gudun ya ragu sosai, za ka iya tsallake canjin.
Tsarin aiki: rage gudu zuwa ƙasa idan ka isa gawar, kada ka firgita idan ka ga saurin motar; mataki ɗaya yana ɗagawa na biyu, mataki na uku kuma yana canza mai don ci gaba da tafiya.
Wuraren Aiki: Ɗauki accelerator ɗin ka zaɓi neutral, sannan ka zubar da man bisa ga saurin abin hawa; yayin da sautin mai bai ɓace ba, danna clutch ɗin ka canza zuwa ƙaramin gear.
canjin hannu
Ga motar jigilar kaya ta hannu, ba za a iya yin watsi da mahimmancin clutch ɗin ba domin a tuƙa shi cikin 'yanci. Lokacin tuƙi, kada a taka clutch ɗin ko a sanya ƙafarka a kan clutch ɗin a kowane lokaci, sai dai idan motar ta tashi, ta canza ta kuma birki a ƙaramin gudu, kana buƙatar taka clutch ɗin.
Daidaitaccen aiki a farkon farawa. Muhimman abubuwan da ke cikin fedar kama yayin farawa shine "haɗin gwiwa ɗaya mai sauri, biyu a hankali, uku". Wato, lokacin da aka ɗaga fedar, ana ɗaga ta da sauri; lokacin da kama ya bayyana a haɗe da rabi (sautin injin yana canzawa a wannan lokacin), saurin ɗaga fedar yana ɗan jinkiri; daga haɗin gwiwa zuwa cikakken haɗin gwiwa, ana ɗaga fedar a hankali a cikin kama. Yayin da ake ɗaga fedar, a hankali ana danna fedar mai saurin gudu bisa ga juriyar injin, don motar ta fara aiki cikin sauƙi.
Daidaita aiki yayin canza gears. Lokacin canza gears yayin tuƙi, ya kamata a taka fedar clutch ɗin da sauri a ɗaga shi, kuma bai kamata ya kasance wani abu mai alaƙa da rabin haɗin ba, in ba haka ba, za a hanzarta lalacewar clutch ɗin. Bugu da ƙari, a kula da haɗin gwiwa da maƙurar yayin aiki. Domin a sa gear ta yi laushi da kuma rage lalacewar hanyar canja wurin gear da clutch, ana ba da shawarar "hanyar canza clutch mai ƙafa biyu". Kodayake wannan hanyar ta fi rikitarwa a aiki, hanya ce mai kyau don adana kuɗi ta hanyar tuƙi.
Amfani da kyau lokacin birki. A cikin tukin mota, ban da birki mai ƙarancin gudu don dakatar da fedar clutch, yi ƙoƙarin kada ka rage ƙarfin fedar clutch lokacin da kake birki a wasu yanayi.
Tsarin sarrafa watsawa da hannu yana da sarkakiya, kuma akwai wasu ƙwarewa da shawarwari. Don neman iko, mabuɗin shine a fahimci lokacin da ake canzawa kuma a bar motar ta yi sauri da ƙarfi. A ka'ida, lokacin da injin gabaɗaya yake kusa da ƙarfin juyawa, saurin gudu shine mafi wartsakewa.
canza motar atomatik
Kwamfutar tana sarrafa canjin gear ta atomatik, kuma aikin yana da sauƙi.
1. Lokacin tuki a kan hanya madaidaiciya, yawanci yi amfani da kayan "D". Idan kana tuki a kan titin da ke cike da cunkoso a cikin birni, canza zuwa kayan aiki na 3 don samun ƙarfi mai ƙarfi.
2. Yi amfani da birkin sarrafawa na ƙafar hagu. Idan kana son hawa kan ɗan gajeren gangara kafin shiga wurin ajiye motoci, za ka iya sarrafa na'urar hanzartawa da ƙafar dama, sannan ka taka birki da ƙafar hagu don sarrafa abin hawa don ci gaba a hankali don guje wa karo tsakanin baya da baya.
Zaɓin gear na watsawa ta atomatik yayi daidai da lever na watsawa ta hannu. Gabaɗaya, akwai gears masu zuwa: P (filin ajiye motoci), R (gear juyawa), N (tsaka tsaki), D (gaba), S (ko2, wanda shine 2). gear), L (ko1, wato gear na 1). Amfani da waɗannan gears daidai yana da mahimmanci musamman ga waɗanda ke tuƙa motar watsawa ta atomatik. Bayan fara abin hawa da watsawa ta atomatik, idan kuna son ci gaba da ingantaccen aikin hanzartawa, koyaushe kuna iya kula da babban buɗewar hanzari, kuma watsawa ta atomatik zai motsa zuwa mafi girma gear a mafi girma gudu; idan kuna son tafiya mai santsi, zaku iya ɗaga fedar gas a daidai lokacin kuma watsawa zata canza ta atomatik. Ajiye juyawar injin a ƙasa a daidai wannan gudu yana haifar da ingantaccen tattalin arziki da tafiya mai natsuwa. A wannan lokacin, danna fedar hanzartawa kaɗan don ci gaba da hanzartawa, kuma watsawa ba zai koma ga gear na asali nan da nan ba. Wannan shine ayyukan haɓakawa da raguwar jinkiri da haɓakawa da mai ƙira ya tsara don hana sauyawa akai-akai. Fahimci wannan gaskiyar, za ku iya jin daɗin jin daɗin tuƙi da watsawa ta atomatik ke kawowa kamar yadda kuke so.
tattalin arziki
Idan aka ɗauki motar Audi a matsayin misali, lokacin da ake tuƙi a gudun kilomita 40 da kilomita 100 a kowace awa, saurin injin gabaɗaya shine 1800-2000 rpm, kuma zai tashi zuwa kusan rpm 3000 a lokacin saurin sauri. Saboda haka, ana iya la'akari da cewa rpm 2000 gudu ne mai rahusa, wanda za'a iya amfani da shi azaman nuni don watsawa da hannu.
Idan aka yi la'akari da kwatancen, motocin watsawa na hannu masu ƙarfin 1.8 da 1.8T suna aiki da sauri sosai a wannan saurin a kowace gear lokacin da injin yake gudun 2000 rpm. Masu mallakar da ke fatan adana mai za su iya canza gear a kusan rpm 2000, yayin da waɗanda ke neman wutar lantarki za su iya jinkirta sauyawa yadda ya kamata.
