"Ƙa'idar kwantar da iska ta mota
Abstract: Tsarin kwandishan mota na'ura ce don gane sanyaya, dumama, musayar iska da tsarkakewar iska a cikin abin hawa. Yana iya samar da yanayin tuƙi mai daɗi ga fasinjoji, rage gajiyar tuƙi, da inganta amincin tuƙi. Kayan aikin kwandishan ya zama ɗaya daga cikin alamomi don auna ko motar ta cika. Motar kwandishan tsarin ya hada da kwampreso, kwandishan abin hurawa, condenser, ruwa ajiya na'urar busar, fadada bawul, evaporator da abin hurawa, da dai sauransu Wannan takarda yafi gabatar da ka'idar mota kwandishan abin hurawa.
Tare da ɗumamar yanayi da haɓaka buƙatun mutane don yanayin tuki, ƙarin motoci suna sanye da tsarin kwandishan. Bisa kididdigar da aka yi, a shekarar 2000, kashi 78 cikin 100 na motocin da ake sayar da su a Amurka da Canada, suna da na'urorin sanyaya iska, kuma a yanzu an kiyasta cewa a kalla kashi 90 cikin 100 na motocin suna da na'urorin sanyaya iska, baya ga kawo kwanciyar hankali. tuki yanayi zuwa mutane. A matsayin mai amfani da mota, mai karatu ya kamata ya fahimci ka'idarsa, ta yadda za a iya magance matsalolin gaggawa cikin sauri da sauri.
1. Ƙa'idar aiki na tsarin firiji na motoci
Ka'idar aiki na tsarin kwantar da iska na mota
1, tsarin aiki na tsarin sanyaya kwandishan mota
Zagayowar tsarin sanyaya iska na mota ya ƙunshi matakai guda huɗu: matsawa, sakin zafi, maƙarƙashiya da ɗaukar zafi.
(1) Tsarin matsawa: compressor yana shakar ƙarancin zafin jiki da ƙarancin iskar gas mai sanyi a wurin magudanar ruwa, yana matsawa cikin zafin jiki mai ƙarfi da iskar gas mai ƙarfi, sannan a tura shi zuwa na'urar. Babban aikin wannan tsari shine damfara da matse iskar gas ta yadda za'a sami sauki. A lokacin aiwatar da matsawa, yanayin refrigerant baya canzawa, kuma zafin jiki da matsa lamba suna ci gaba da tashi, suna samar da iskar gas mai zafi.
(2) Tsarin sakin zafi: babban zafin jiki mai zafi da iskar gas mai zafi mai zafi yana shiga cikin na'urar (radiator) don musayar zafi tare da yanayi. Saboda raguwar matsa lamba da zafin jiki, iskar gas mai sanyi ta taso cikin ruwa kuma tana fitar da zafi mai yawa. Ayyukan wannan tsari shine don fitar da zafi da ƙima. Tsarin ƙwanƙwasa yana nuna canjin yanayin yanayin refrigerant, wato, a ƙarƙashin yanayin matsa lamba da zazzabi, sannu a hankali yana canzawa daga gas zuwa ruwa. Ruwan firiji bayan damfara shine babban matsa lamba da kuma yawan zafin jiki. Ruwan mai sanyi yana sanyaya sosai, kuma mafi girman matakin sanyaya, mafi girman ikon evaporation don ɗaukar zafi yayin aikin fitar da iska, kuma mafi kyawun tasirin refrigeration, wato, haɓaka daidai da samar da sanyi.
(3) Tsarin ƙumburi: babban matsa lamba da ruwa mai sanyi mai zafi yana matsawa ta hanyar bawul ɗin haɓaka don rage yawan zafin jiki da matsa lamba, kuma an kawar da na'urar faɗaɗa a cikin hazo (kananan ɗigon ruwa). Matsayin aikin shine don kwantar da refrigerant da rage matsa lamba, daga yanayin zafi mai zafi da ruwa mai zafi zuwa ƙananan zafin jiki, don sauƙaƙe ɗaukar zafi, sarrafa ƙarfin firiji da kuma kula da aikin yau da kullum na firiji. tsarin.
4) Tsarin shayar da zafi: ruwan refrigerant na hazo bayan sanyaya da damuwa ta hanyar bawul ɗin fadada yana shiga cikin evaporator, don haka wurin tafasa na refrigerant ya fi ƙasa da zafin jiki a cikin evaporator, don haka ruwan refrigerant yana ƙafe a cikin evaporator kuma yana tafasa cikin. gas. A cikin tsari na evaporation don ɗaukar zafi mai yawa a kusa, rage yawan zafin jiki a cikin mota. Sa'an nan ƙananan zafin jiki da ƙananan iskar gas mai sanyi yana gudana daga cikin evaporator kuma yana jiran compressor ya sake numfashi. Tsarin endothermic yana da yanayin yanayin refrigerant yana canzawa daga ruwa zuwa gaseous, kuma matsa lamba baya canzawa a wannan lokacin, wato, ana aiwatar da canjin wannan yanayin yayin aiwatar da matsa lamba akai-akai.
2, na'ura mai sanyaya kwandishan tsarin da aka kullum hada da compressors, condensers, ruwa ajiya bushewa, fadada bawuloli, evaporators da hurawa. Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Hoto na 1, an haɗa abubuwan da aka haɗa ta hanyar jan karfe (ko aluminum) da manyan bututun roba don samar da tsarin rufaffiyar. Lokacin da tsarin sanyi ke aiki, jihohi daban-daban na ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar firiji suna yawo a cikin wannan rufaffiyar tsarin, kuma kowane zagayowar yana da matakai na asali guda huɗu:
(1) Tsarin matsawa: na'ura mai kwakwalwa yana shakar iskar gas mai sanyi a mashigar magudanar ruwa a ƙananan zafin jiki da matsa lamba, kuma yana matsawa zuwa wani babban zafin jiki da matsa lamba mai cire gas.
(2) Tsarin sakin zafi: iskar gas mai zafi mai zafi da zafi mai zafi yana shiga cikin na'urar, kuma iskar gas ɗin yana sanya shi cikin ruwa saboda raguwar matsi da zafin jiki, kuma zafi mai yawa yana fitowa.
(3) Tsarin ƙumburi: Bayan ruwa mai sanyi tare da babban zafin jiki da matsa lamba ya wuce ta na'urar fadadawa, ƙarar ya zama mafi girma, matsa lamba da zafin jiki sun ragu sosai, kuma an kawar da na'urar fadada a cikin hazo (kananan ɗigon ruwa).
(4) Tsarin shayar da zafi: ruwan refrigerant na hazo yana shiga cikin injin, don haka wurin tafasa na refrigerant yayi ƙasa sosai fiye da yanayin zafi a cikin evaporator, don haka ruwan sanyi yana ƙafewa zuwa gas. A lokacin aikin fitar da ruwa, ana ɗaukar zafi mai yawa a kusa da shi, sannan ƙananan zafin jiki da ƙananan tururi mai sanyi ya shiga cikin kwampreso.
2 Ka'idar aiki na busa
Yawancin lokaci, abin hurawa a kan motar shine mai busa centrifugal, kuma ka'idar aiki na centrifugal blower yayi kama da na centrifugal fan, sai dai cewa tsarin matsawa na iska yawanci ana aiwatar da shi a karkashin aikin centrifugal karfi ta hanyar aiki da yawa. impellers (ko matakai da yawa). Na'urar busa tana da na'ura mai jujjuyawa mai sauri, kuma ruwan da ke kan rotor yana motsa iska don motsawa cikin sauri. Ƙarfin centrifugal yana sa iska ta gudana zuwa tashar fan tare da layin da ba daidai ba a cikin siffar da ba ta dace ba na casing, kuma saurin iska mai sauri yana da wani matsa lamba na iska. An sake cika sabon iska ta tsakiyar gidaje.
A bisa ka'ida, madaidaicin siffar matsi na mai busawa ta tsakiya shine madaidaiciyar layi, amma saboda juriyar juriya da sauran asara a cikin fan, ainihin matsi da yanayin dabi'ar dabi'a yana raguwa a hankali tare da haɓaka ƙimar kwarara, kuma daidai gwargwado-gudanar da wutar lantarki na fanin centrifugal yana tashi tare da haɓaka ƙimar kwarara. Lokacin da fan ke gudana a akai-akai, wurin aiki na fan zai motsa tare da madaidaicin matsi mai gudana. Yanayin aiki na fan a lokacin aiki ya dogara ba kawai akan aikin kansa ba, har ma da halaye na tsarin. Lokacin da juriya na cibiyar sadarwa na bututu ya karu, aikin aikin bututu zai zama m. Babban ka'idar ka'idar fan ita ce samun yanayin aiki da ake buƙata ta hanyar canza yanayin aikin fan da kanta ko yanayin yanayin hanyar sadarwar bututun waje. Don haka, ana sanya wasu na'urori masu hankali a kan motar don taimakawa motar ta yi aiki akai-akai yayin tuki cikin ƙananan gudu, matsakaicin gudu da babban gudu.
Ƙa'idar sarrafa iska
2.1 Ikon atomatik
Lokacin da aka danna maɓallin "atomatik" na hukumar kula da kwandishan, kwamfutar kwandishan ta atomatik tana daidaita saurin abin hurawa bisa ga zafin da ake buƙata na fitarwa.
Lokacin da aka zaɓi hanyar tafiyar da iska a cikin "fuskar" ko "dual flow direction", kuma mai busa yana cikin ƙananan gudu, saurin busawa zai canza bisa ga ƙarfin hasken rana a cikin iyaka.
(1) Aiki na ƙananan sarrafawa
A yayin da ake sarrafa ƙananan gudu, kwamfuta mai sanyaya iska tana katse haɗin tushen wutar lantarkin na wutar lantarki, sannan kuma an katse haɗin wutar lantarki da na'ura mai ƙarfi. A halin yanzu yana gudana daga injin busa zuwa juriya na busa, sannan kuma ya ɗauki ƙarfe don sa motar ta yi gudu a ƙananan gudu.
Kwamfuta mai sanyaya kwandishan tana da sassa 7 masu zuwa: 1 baturi, 2 ignition switch, 3 hita relay, injin busasshen wuta, 5 na'urar iska mai ƙarfi, transistor wuta 6, waya mai zafin jiki 7, kwamfuta mai sanyaya iska 8, gudun ba da sanda mai ƙarfi 9.
(2) Aiki na matsakaicin gudun hijira
A lokacin sarrafa matsakaicin saurin gudu, triode ɗin wutar lantarki yana haɗa fis ɗin zafin jiki, wanda ke kare triode daga lalacewa mai zafi. Kwamfutar kwandishan tana canza tushen halin yanzu na wutar lantarki ta hanyar canza siginar abin busa don cimma manufar sarrafa mara waya ta saurin injin busa.
3) Ayyukan sarrafawa mai sauri
A lokacin sarrafa saurin sauri, kwamfutar kwandishan tana cire haɗin tushen wutar lantarki na wutar lantarki guda uku, mai haɗin sa mai lamba 40 ƙulla baƙin ƙarfe, kuma ana kunna relay mai sauri, kuma na yanzu daga injin busa yana gudana ta cikin babban sauri. gudun ba da sanda, sa'an nan zuwa ga ƙulla baƙin ƙarfe, sa motor jujjuya a high gudun.
2.2 Preheating
A cikin yanayin sarrafawa ta atomatik, na'urar firikwensin zafin jiki da aka gyara a cikin ƙananan ɓangaren na'ura mai zafi yana gano zafin mai sanyaya kuma yana sarrafa preheating. Lokacin da mai sanyaya zafin jiki ya kasa 40 ° C kuma kunnawa ta atomatik, kwamfutar kwandishan tana rufe abin hurawa don hana fitar da iska mai sanyi. Akasin haka, lokacin da zafin zafin jiki ya wuce 40 ° C, kwamfutar da ke sanyaya iska ta fara abin hurawa kuma ta sanya ta juya cikin ƙananan gudu. Daga nan, ana sarrafa saurin busa ta atomatik bisa ga ƙididdige yawan kwararar iska da zafin iska da ake buƙata.
The preheating iko da aka bayyana a sama yana wanzu ne kawai lokacin da aka zaba kwararar iska a cikin "kasa" ko "dual flow" shugabanci.
2.3 Jinkirin sarrafa kwararar iska (don sanyaya kawai)
Jinkirin sarrafa kwararar iska yana dogara ne akan zafin jiki a cikin na'urar sanyaya wanda na'urar firikwensin zafi ya gano. jinkiri
Kulawar iska na iya hana fitar da iska mai zafi daga na'urar sanyaya iska. Ana yin wannan aikin sarrafa jinkiri sau ɗaya kawai lokacin da aka kunna injin kuma an cika waɗannan sharuɗɗan: 1 aikin kwampreso; Kunna sarrafa busa 2 a cikin yanayin "atomatik" (kunna ta atomatik); 3 Kula da iska a cikin yanayin "fuska"; Daidaita zuwa "Face" ta hanyar canza fuska, ko saita zuwa "fuskar" a cikin sarrafawa ta atomatik; 4 Zazzabi a cikin mai sanyaya ya fi 30 ℃
Aikin jinkirin kula da kwararar iska shine kamar haka:
Ko da duk waɗannan sharuɗɗa huɗu na sama sun cika kuma an kunna injin, ba za a iya kunna injin busa nan da nan ba. Motar abin busa yana da bambancin 4s, amma dole ne a kunna compressor, kuma dole ne a fara injin, kuma dole ne a yi amfani da iskar gas na refrigerant don kwantar da evaporator. Motar mai busa ta baya ta 4s tana farawa, tana aiki da ƙaramin gudu a farkon lokacin 5s, kuma a hankali yana ƙara sauri zuwa babban gudu a lokacin 6s na ƙarshe. Wannan aiki yana hana fitar da iska mai zafi kwatsam daga huɗa, wanda zai iya haifar da tashin hankali.
Jawabin rufewa
Cikakken tsarin kwandishan mai sarrafa na'ura mai kwakwalwa na mota yana iya daidaita yanayin zafi ta atomatik, zafi, tsabta, ɗabi'a da samun iskar da ke cikin motar, kuma ya sa iska a cikin motar ta gudana a wani ƙayyadadden gudu da shugabanci don samar da kyakkyawan yanayin tuki. fasinjoji, da kuma tabbatar da cewa fasinjoji suna cikin yanayi mai kyau na iska a ƙarƙashin yanayi da yanayi daban-daban na waje. Zai iya hana gilashin taga daga dusar ƙanƙara, ta yadda direba zai iya kula da hangen nesa mai haske, kuma ya ba da garanti na asali don tuki lafiya.
Idan kana son ƙarin sani, ci gaba da karanta sauran labaran kan wannan rukunin yanar gizon!
Da fatan za a kira mu idan kuna buƙatar irin waɗannan samfuran.
Zhuo Meng Shanghai Auto Co., Ltd. ya jajirce don siyar da sassan motoci na MG&MAUXS maraba da siyarwa.
