Haɗa piston da crankshaft, sannan a tura ƙarfin da ke kan piston zuwa crankshaft, ta hanyar mayar da motsin da ke tsakanin piston zuwa juyawar crankshaft.
Ƙungiyar sandar haɗawa ta ƙunshi jikin sandar haɗawa, babban murfin ƙarshen sandar haɗawa, ƙaramin sandar haɗawa, babban sandar haɗawa da kuma ƙusoshin sandar haɗawa (ko sukurori). Ƙungiyar sandar haɗawa tana fuskantar ƙarfin iskar gas daga fil ɗin piston, juyawarta da ƙarfin inertial na ƙungiyar piston. Girma da alkiblar waɗannan ƙarfin suna canzawa lokaci-lokaci. Saboda haka, sandar haɗawa tana fuskantar nauyi mai canzawa kamar matsi da tashin hankali. Dole ne sandar haɗawa ta sami isasshen ƙarfin gajiya da tauri a cikin tsarin. Rashin isasshen ƙarfin gajiya sau da yawa yakan sa jikin sandar haɗawa ko ƙusoshin sandar haɗawa ya karye, wanda ke haifar da babban haɗari na lalacewa ga dukkan na'urar. Idan tauri bai isa ba, zai haifar da lanƙwasa jikin sandar da kuma lalacewar babban ƙarshen sandar haɗawa, wanda ke haifar da lalacewar piston, silinda, bearing da crank fil.
Tsarin da abun da ke ciki
Jikin sandar da ke haɗawa ya ƙunshi sassa uku, ana kiran ɓangaren da ke haɗawa da fil ɗin piston ƙaramin ƙarshen sandar da ke haɗawa; ɓangaren da ke haɗawa da crankshaft ana kiransa babban ƙarshen sandar da ke haɗawa, sannan ɓangaren da ke haɗa ƙaramin ƙarshen da babban ƙarshen ana kiransa jikin sandar da ke haɗawa.
Ƙaramin ƙarshen sandar haɗin galibi sirara ce mai siffar annular. Domin rage lalacewa tsakanin sandar haɗin da fil ɗin piston, ana matse siririn tagulla mai bangon bango a cikin ƙaramin ramin ƙarshe. Ana haƙa ko niƙa ramuka a cikin ƙaramin kai da bushing don ba da damar mai ya shiga saman manne na bushing mai shafawa da piston fil.
Shaft ɗin sanda mai haɗawa dogo ne, kuma ana iya fuskantar manyan ƙarfi yayin aiki. Domin hana shi lanƙwasawa da canza siffarsa, dole ne jikin sandar ya sami isasshen tauri. Saboda wannan dalili, yawancin shaft ɗin sanda mai haɗawa na injunan abin hawa suna amfani da sassan I-shaped, waɗanda za su iya rage nauyin tare da isasshen tauri da ƙarfi, kuma ana amfani da sassan H a cikin injunan da ke da ƙarfi sosai. Wasu injuna suna amfani da ƙaramin ƙarshen sandar haɗin don fesa mai don sanyaya piston, kuma dole ne a haƙa rami mai ratsawa a cikin alkiblar tsayin jikin sandar. Domin guje wa yawan damuwa, haɗin da ke tsakanin jikin sandar haɗin gwiwa da ƙaramin ƙarshen da babban ƙarshen yana ɗaukar canji mai santsi na babban baka.
Domin rage girgizar injin, bambancin ingancin kowace sandar haɗin silinda dole ne a iyakance ta zuwa mafi ƙarancin iyaka. Lokacin haɗa injin a masana'anta, gabaɗaya ana haɗa shi gwargwadon nauyin manyan da ƙananan ƙarshen sandar haɗin a cikin gram. Sandar haɗin rukuni.
A kan injin nau'in V, silinda masu dacewa na layukan hagu da dama suna raba fil ɗin crank, kuma sandunan haɗin suna da nau'ikan guda uku: sandunan haɗin layi ɗaya, sandunan haɗin fork da sandunan haɗin kai na farko da na biyu.
Babban nau'in lalacewa
Manyan nau'ikan lalacewar sandunan haɗawa sune karyewar gajiya da kuma nakasa mai yawa. Yawanci karyewar gajiya suna cikin wurare uku masu tsananin damuwa a kan sandar haɗawa. Yanayin aiki na sandar haɗawa yana buƙatar sandar haɗawa ta sami ƙarfi da juriyar gajiya; kuma yana buƙatar isasshen tauri da ƙarfi. A cikin fasahar sarrafa sandar haɗawa ta gargajiya, kayan gabaɗaya suna amfani da ƙarfe mai katsewa da mai laushi kamar ƙarfe 45, 40Cr ko 40MnB, waɗanda ke da tauri mafi girma. Saboda haka, sabbin kayan sandar haɗawa da kamfanonin motoci na Jamus suka samar kamar ƙarfe mai ƙarfi na C70S6 wanda ba a kashe shi ba da kuma mai laushi, jerin SPLITASCO ƙarfe da aka ƙirƙira, ƙarfe da aka ƙirƙira na FRACTIM da ƙarfe da aka ƙirƙira na S53CV-FS, da sauransu (duk waɗannan duk ƙa'idodin Jamusanci ne). Kodayake ƙarfe da aka haɗa yana da ƙarfi sosai, yana da matukar damuwa ga yawan damuwa. Saboda haka, ana buƙatar tsauraran buƙatu a siffar sandar haɗawa, fillet mai yawa, da sauransu, kuma ya kamata a kula da ingancin sarrafa saman don inganta ƙarfin gajiya, in ba haka ba amfani da ƙarfe mai ƙarfi ba zai cimma tasirin da ake so ba.
