Haɗa piston da crankshaft, kuma aika da ƙarfi akan piston zuwa crankshaft, canza motsi mai juyawa na piston zuwa jujjuyawar motsi na crankshaft.
Ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwar ta ƙunshi jikin sandar haɗi, haɗin sanda babban hular ƙarewa, haɗa sandar ƙaramin ƙarshen bushing, haɗin sanda babban ƙarshen ɗaukar daji da haɗin sandar sanda (ko sukurori).Ƙungiyar sanda mai haɗawa tana ƙarƙashin ƙarfin iskar gas daga fil ɗin piston, jujjuyawar kansa da kuma juzu'in inertial na ƙungiyar piston.Girma da alkiblar waɗannan dakarun suna canzawa lokaci-lokaci.Sabili da haka, sandar haɗawa yana fuskantar wasu nau'i daban-daban kamar matsawa da tashin hankali.Dole ne sandar haɗi ta sami isasshen ƙarfin gajiya da tsayayyen tsari.Rashin isasshen ƙarfin gajiya zai sau da yawa yana haifar da jikin sandar haɗin gwiwa ko haɗin sandar kullin ya karye, yana haifar da babban haɗari na lalacewa ga duka injin.Idan taurin bai isa ba, zai haifar da lanƙwasawa na jikin sanda da nakasar babban ƙarshen sandar haɗin gwiwa, wanda ke haifar da lalacewa na fistan, Silinda, ɗaukar hoto da crank fil.
Tsarin da abun da ke ciki
Jikin igiya mai haɗawa ya ƙunshi sassa uku, ɓangaren da aka haɗa tare da fil ɗin piston ana kiransa ƙaramin ƙarshen haɗin haɗin;sashin da ke da alaƙa da crankshaft ana kiransa babban ƙarshen haɗin haɗin gwiwa, kuma sashin da ke haɗa ƙaramin ƙarshen da babban ƙarshen ana kiransa jikin sandar haɗi.
Ƙarshen ƙarshen sandar haɗawa yawanci tsarin anular mai sirara ne.Domin rage lalacewa tsakanin sandar haɗawa da fil ɗin piston, ana matse bushing na tagulla mai bakin ciki a cikin ƙaramin ramin ƙarshen.Haƙa ko niƙa ramuka a cikin ƙaramin kai da kurmi don ba da damar yayyafa mai ya shiga cikin saman dajin mai mai da piston fil.
Ƙaƙwalwar igiya mai haɗawa ita ce sanda mai tsawo, kuma ana yin ta da manyan sojoji yayin aiki.Don hana shi lankwasawa da lalacewa, dole ne jikin sanda ya sami isasshen ƙarfi.A saboda wannan dalili, yawancin igiyoyi masu haɗawa na injunan abin hawa suna amfani da sassan I-dimbin yawa, wanda zai iya rage yawan taro tare da isasshen ƙarfi da ƙarfi, kuma ana amfani da sassan H-dimbin yawa a cikin injuna masu ƙarfi.Wasu injuna suna amfani da ƙaramin ƙarshen sandar haɗawa don fesa mai don sanyaya fistan, kuma dole ne a huda rami ta hanyar gangar jikin sandar.Don kauce wa ƙaddamar da damuwa, haɗin kai tsakanin jikin sanda mai haɗawa da ƙananan ƙarshen da babban ƙarshen yana ɗaukar sauƙi mai sauƙi na babban baka.
Domin rage girgizar injin, ƙimar ingancin kowane sandar haɗin silinda dole ne a iyakance ga mafi ƙarancin kewayon.Lokacin haɗa injin ɗin a cikin masana'anta, ana haɗa shi gabaɗaya gwargwadon adadin manyan da ƙananan ƙarshen sandar haɗawa a cikin gram.sandar haɗin rukuni.
A kan injin v-nau'in, silin da ke dacewa na hagu da dama na dama suna da nau'ikan crank, kuma cokali mai yatsa suna da sanduna uku: layi ɗaya suna haɗa sanduna da mauxilary mai haɗuwa da sanduna.
Babban nau'in lalacewa
Babban nau'ikan lalacewa na sandunan haɗin kai sune karayar gajiya da nakasar da ta wuce kima.Yawancin raunin gajiya yana samuwa a wurare uku masu yawan damuwa akan sandar haɗi.Yanayin aiki na igiya mai haɗawa yana buƙatar haɗin haɗin don samun ƙarfin ƙarfi da juriya;yana kuma buƙatar isassun tsauri da tauri.A cikin fasahar sarrafa sandar haɗe ta gargajiya, kayan gabaɗaya suna amfani da quenched and tempered karfe kamar karfe 45, 40Cr ko 40MnB, waɗanda ke da tauri mafi girma.Saboda haka, sabon haɗa sanda kayan samar da Jamus mota kamfanonin kamar C70S6 high carbon microalloy non-quenched da tempered karfe, SPLITASCO jerin jabu karfe, FRACTIM ƙirƙira karfe da S53CV-FS ƙirƙira karfe, da dai sauransu. ).Ko da yake ƙarfe na ƙarfe yana da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, yana da matukar damuwa ga damuwa.Sabili da haka, ana buƙatar ƙaƙƙarfan buƙatun a cikin siffar haɗin haɗin gwiwa, fillet mai yawa, da dai sauransu, kuma ya kamata a biya hankali ga ingancin sarrafa kayan aiki don inganta ƙarfin gajiya, in ba haka ba aikace-aikacen ƙarfe mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi ba zai cimma abin da ake so ba. tasiri.
