Na'urar sanyaya kwandishan na mota shine zuciyar tsarin sanyaya iska mai sanyaya iska kuma yana taka rawar damtse da jigilar tururin firji. Akwai nau'ikan compressors guda biyu: ƙaura maras canzawa da ƙaura mai canzawa. Dangane da ka'idodin aiki daban-daban, ana iya raba kwampreso na kwandishan zuwa ƙayyadaddun kwamfutoci na ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun matsuguni.
Dangane da hanyoyin aiki daban-daban, ana iya raba compressors gabaɗaya zuwa nau'ikan masu juyawa da na juyawa. Compressors na yau da kullun sun haɗa da nau'in haɗin sandar crankshaft da nau'in piston axial, da kwampressors gama-gari sun haɗa da nau'in vane na rotary da nau'in gungurawa.
Na'urar sanyaya kwandishan na mota shine zuciyar tsarin sanyaya iska mai sanyaya iska kuma yana taka rawar damtse da jigilar tururin firji.
Rabewa
An kasu na'urorin damfara zuwa nau'i biyu: ƙaura maras canzawa da ƙaura mai ma'ana.
Gabaɗaya na'urori masu sanyaya kwandishan an raba su zuwa nau'ikan masu juyawa da na jujjuyawa bisa ga hanyoyin aikinsu na ciki.
Watsa shirye-shiryen daidaita ƙa'idar aiki
Dangane da ka'idodin aiki daban-daban, ana iya raba kwampreso na kwandishan zuwa ƙayyadaddun kwamfutoci na ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun matsuguni.
Kafaffen kompressor
Matsar da kwampreso mai ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙaƙƙarfan saurin ingin. Ba zai iya canza wutar lantarki ta atomatik bisa ga buƙatar sanyaya ba, kuma yana da tasiri mai girma akan yawan man fetur na injin. Ikon sa gabaɗaya yana tattara siginar zafin jiki na tashar iska na evaporator. Lokacin da zafin jiki ya kai ga yanayin da aka saita, za a saki kamannin lantarki na compressor kuma na'urar ta daina aiki. Lokacin da zafin jiki ya tashi, clutch na lantarki yana aiki kuma compressor ya fara aiki. Hakanan ana sarrafa madaidaicin matsawa matsawa ta matsa lamba na tsarin kwandishan. Lokacin da matsa lamba a cikin bututun ya yi yawa, compressor ya daina aiki.
Mai canza matsugunin kwandishan kwandishan
Matsakaicin matsawa maɓalli na iya daidaita ƙarfin wutar lantarki ta atomatik gwargwadon yanayin da aka saita. Tsarin kula da kwandishan ba ya tattara siginar zafin jiki na tashar iska na evaporator, amma yana sarrafa rabon matsawa na compressor bisa ga canjin siginar matsa lamba a cikin bututun kwandishan don daidaita yanayin zafin iska ta atomatik. A cikin duka tsarin na'ura na refrigeration, compressor yana aiki ko da yaushe, kuma daidaitawar ƙarfin refrigeration yana sarrafawa gaba ɗaya ta hanyar matsa lamba mai daidaitawa da aka sanya a cikin kwampreso. Lokacin da matsa lamba a babban matsi na bututun kwandishan ya yi yawa, matsa lamba mai daidaitawa bawul yana rage bugun piston a cikin kwampreso don rage yawan matsawa, wanda zai rage ƙarfin firiji. Lokacin da matsa lamba a ƙarshen ƙarshen matsa lamba ya faɗi zuwa wani matakin kuma matsa lamba a ƙarshen ƙarancin matsa lamba ya tashi zuwa wani matakin, matsa lamba mai daidaita bawul yana ƙara bugun bugun piston don haɓaka ƙarfin firiji.
Rarraba salon aikin
Dangane da hanyoyin aiki daban-daban, ana iya raba compressors gabaɗaya zuwa nau'ikan masu juyawa da na juyawa. Compressors na yau da kullun sun haɗa da nau'in haɗin sandar crankshaft da nau'in piston axial, da kwampressors gama-gari sun haɗa da nau'in vane na rotary da nau'in gungurawa.
Crankshaft mai haɗa sandar kwampreso
Tsarin aiki na wannan kwampreso za a iya raba zuwa hudu, wato matsawa, shaye-shaye, fadadawa, tsotsa. Lokacin da crankshaft ya juya, sanda mai haɗawa yana motsa piston don ramawa, kuma ƙarar aiki wanda ya ƙunshi bangon ciki na Silinda, kan Silinda da saman saman piston yana canzawa lokaci-lokaci, don haka matsawa da jigilar refrigerant a cikin tsarin firiji. . The crankshaft haɗa sanda compressor ne na farko ƙarni compressor. Ana amfani da shi sosai, yana da fasahar masana'anta balagagge, tsari mai sauƙi, ƙananan buƙatu akan kayan sarrafawa da fasahar sarrafawa, da ƙarancin farashi. Yana da ƙarfin daidaitawa, yana iya daidaitawa zuwa kewayon matsa lamba mai faɗi da buƙatun iyawar firiji, kuma yana da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi.
Duk da haka, crankshaft connecting sanda compressor shima yana da wasu kurakurai a bayyane, kamar rashin iya cimma babban gudu, injin yana da girma kuma yana da nauyi, kuma ba shi da sauƙin cimma nauyi mai sauƙi. Shaye-shaye yana katsewa, iska tana da saurin canzawa, kuma akwai babban girgiza yayin aiki.
Saboda halaye na sama na crankshaft-connecting-rod compressors, ƴan ƙananan kwampreso na ƙaura sun karɓi wannan tsarin. A halin yanzu, crankshaft-connecting-rod compressors ana amfani da su a cikin manyan na'urorin kwantar da iska don motocin fasinja da manyan motoci.
Axial Piston Compressor
Axial piston compressors ana iya kiransa damfara na ƙarni na biyu, kuma na yau da kullun sune rocker-platet ko swash-plate compressors, waɗanda su ne manyan samfuran a cikin injin sanyaya iska. Babban abubuwan da ke cikin swash farantin kwampreso su ne babban shaft da farantin swash. An jera silinda a kewaye tare da babban shaft na kwampreso a matsayin tsakiya, kuma yanayin motsi na fistan yana layi daya da babban shaft na kwampreso. Pistons na mafi yawan swash plate compressors ana yin su azaman pistons masu kai biyu, irin su axial 6-cylinder compressors, 3 cylinders suna gaban compressor, sauran silinda 3 kuma suna a bayan kwampressor. Pistons masu kai biyu suna zamewa a cikin kishiyar silinda. Lokacin da ɗaya ƙarshen fistan ya matsa tururi mai sanyi a cikin silinda ta gaba, ɗayan ƙarshen piston yana shakar da tururi mai sanyi a cikin silinda ta baya. Kowane Silinda yana sanye da manyan bawul ɗin iska mai ƙarfi da ƙasa, kuma ana amfani da wani bututu mai ƙarfi don haɗa ɗakuna masu matsa lamba na gaba da na baya. An gyara farantin da aka karkata tare da babban ramin kwampreso, gefen farantin ɗin yana haɗuwa a cikin tsagi da ke tsakiyar fistan, kuma ƙwanƙwasa piston da gefen farantin yana goyan bayan ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙarfe. Lokacin da babban igiya ya juya, farantin swash shima yana jujjuya shi, kuma gefen farantin swash yana tura piston don amsawa axially. Idan farantin swash yana juyawa sau ɗaya, gaba da baya pistons guda biyu kowannensu ya kammala zagayowar matsawa, shaye-shaye, faɗaɗa, da tsotsa, wanda yayi daidai da aikin silinda biyu. Idan kwampreso na axial 6-cylinder ne, 3 cylinders da pistons masu kai biyu suna rarraba daidai gwargwado a sashin shingen Silinda. Lokacin da babban shaft ya juya sau ɗaya, yana daidai da tasirin 6 cylinders.
The swash farantin kwampreso ne in mun gwada da sauki cimma miniaturization da haske nauyi, kuma zai iya cimma high-gudun aiki. Yana da ƙaƙƙarfan tsari, babban inganci da ingantaccen aiki. Bayan an gane sarrafa matsuguni masu canzawa, ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin na'urorin sanyaya iska na mota.
Rotary Vane Compressor
Akwai nau'ikan sifofi iri biyu don rotary vane compressors: madauwari da oval. A cikin madauwari madauwari, babban mashigin rotor yana da nisa mai nisa daga tsakiyar silinda, don haka na'urar tana da kusanci tsakanin tsotsawa da ramukan shayewa akan saman ciki na Silinda. A cikin silinda mai elliptical, babban axis na rotor da tsakiyar ellipse sunyi daidai. Wuraren da ke kan rotor suna raba silinda zuwa wurare da yawa. Lokacin da babban bututun ya motsa na'ura mai jujjuya don juyawa sau ɗaya, ƙarar waɗannan wuraren yana canzawa akai-akai, kuma tururin firji shima yana canzawa a ƙara da zafin jiki a cikin waɗannan wurare. Rotary vane compressors ba su da bawul ɗin tsotsa saboda vanes na yin aikin tsotsa da damfara na'urar. Idan akwai ruwan wukake guda 2, akwai matakan shaye-shaye guda 2 a cikin jujjuyawar babban shinge. Yawan ruwan wukake, ƙarami na jujjuyawar fitarwar kwampreso.
Kamar yadda na uku-tsara kwampreso, saboda girma da kuma nauyi na Rotary vane compressor za a iya yi kananan, yana da sauki shirya a cikin kunkuntar dakin engine, tare da abũbuwan amfãni daga low amo da vibration, da kuma high volumetric yadda ya dace, shi ne. kuma ana amfani da su a cikin na'urorin kwantar da iska na mota. samu wani aikace-aikace. Koyaya, rotary vane compressor yana da manyan buƙatu akan daidaiton injina da tsadar masana'anta.
gungura kwampreso
Ana iya kiran irin waɗannan kwampressors a matsayin compressors na ƙarni na 4. Tsarin compressors na gungurawa an raba shi zuwa nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan rubutu na gungurawa sun kasu zuwa nau'i biyu: nau'in juyi mai ƙarfi da tsayi da kuma nau'in juyin juya hali biyu. A halin yanzu, nau'in mai ƙarfi da tsayin daka shine mafi yawan aikace-aikace. Abubuwan da ke aiki da shi sun ƙunshi babban injin turbine mai ƙarfi da injin turbine a tsaye. The Tsarin na tsauri da kuma a tsaye turbines ne sosai kama, kuma su duka biyu hada da wani karshen farantin da wani involute karkace hakori mika daga karshen farantin, biyu an eccentrically shirya da bambanci ne 180 °, da a tsaye turbine ne a tsaye, kuma turbine mai motsi yana jujjuyawa da fassara shi ta hanyar crankshaft a ƙarƙashin ƙaƙƙarfan na'urar hana jujjuyawa ta musamman, wato, akwai. babu juyi, juyi kawai. Gungurawa compressors suna da fa'idodi da yawa. Misali, na’urar damfara tana da kankanta a girmanta kuma tana da nauyi, kuma igiyar da ke tafiyar da motsin injin din na iya jujjuyawa cikin sauri. Saboda babu bawul ɗin tsotsa da bawul ɗin fitarwa, damfarar gungurawa tana aiki da dogaro, kuma yana da sauƙin gane motsin saurin canzawa da fasaha mai canzawa. Ƙungiyoyin matsawa da yawa suna aiki a lokaci guda, bambancin matsa lamba na iskar gas tsakanin ɗakunan da ke kusa da su kadan ne, raguwar iskar gas yana da ƙananan, kuma ingancin ingancin yana da girma. Gungurawa compressors sun zama mafi yawan amfani da su a fagen ƙananan refrigeration saboda fa'idodin su na ƙaƙƙarfan tsari, babban inganci da ceton makamashi, ƙarancin girgizawa da ƙaramar ƙara, da amincin aiki, don haka ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan kwatance na fasahar kwampreso. ci gaba.
Matsalolin gama gari
A matsayin ɓangaren aiki mai jujjuyawa mai sauri, injin kwandishan kwandishan yana da babban yuwuwar gazawa. Laifi na gama gari sune hayaniya mara kyau, zubewa da rashin aiki.
(1) Hayaniyar da ba ta dace ba Akwai dalilai da yawa na rashin hayaniyar kwampreso. Misali, clutch electromagnetic na compressor ya lalace, ko kuma na ciki na compressor ya lalace sosai, da sauransu, wanda zai iya haifar da hayaniya mara kyau.
①Cutar lantarki na compressor wuri ne na kowa inda hayaniya mara kyau ke faruwa. Kwampressor sau da yawa yana gudana daga ƙananan gudu zuwa babban gudu a ƙarƙashin babban nauyi, don haka abubuwan da ake buƙata don clutch na lantarki suna da yawa sosai, kuma yanayin shigarwa na clutch na electromagnetic gabaɗaya yana kusa da ƙasa, kuma galibi ana fallasa shi ga ruwan sama da ƙasa. Lokacin da abin da ke cikin kamannin lantarki ya lalace, ƙarar da ba ta dace ba ta faru.
②Bugu da kari kan matsalar na'urar clutch na lantarki da kanta, matsewar bel din kompressor shima yana shafar rayuwar kullin electromagnetic kai tsaye. Idan bel ɗin watsawa yayi sako-sako da yawa, kamannin lantarki yana da saurin zamewa; idan bel na watsawa ya yi tsayi sosai, nauyin da ke kan kamannin lantarki zai karu. Lokacin da maƙarƙashiyar bel ɗin watsawa ba daidai ba ne, kwampreso ba zai yi aiki a matakin haske ba, kuma compressor zai lalace lokacin da yake da nauyi. Lokacin da bel ɗin ke aiki, idan na'urar kwampreso da injin injin ba a cikin jirgi ɗaya ba, zai rage rayuwar bel ɗin tuƙi ko kwampreso.
③ Maimaita tsotsa da rufewar kamannin lantarki zai haifar da hayaniya mara kyau a cikin kwampreso. Misali, wutar lantarkin da ke samar da wutar lantarki ba ta isa ba, matsin na’urar sanyaya iska ya yi yawa, ko kuma nauyin injin ya yi yawa, wanda hakan zai sa clutch na electromagnetic ya sake shiga ciki.
④ Ya kamata a sami wani tazara tsakanin kamannin lantarki da kuma saman da ke hawan kwampreso. Idan gibin ya yi yawa, tasirin kuma zai karu. Idan tazar ɗin ya yi ƙanƙanta, kamannin lantarki zai tsoma baki tare da hawan kwampreso yayin aiki. Wannan kuma abu ne na kowa na rashin hayaniyar.
⑤ Mai kwampreso yana buƙatar ingantaccen lubrication lokacin aiki. Lokacin da kwampreso ya rasa mai mai mai, ko kuma ba a yi amfani da man mai mai da kyau ba, za a iya samun mummunar hayaniya da ba ta dace ba a cikin kwampressor, har ma ta sa na’urar ta bushewa da gogewa.
(2) Leakage na'urar sanyaya ruwa shine mafi yawan matsala a tsarin na'urar sanyaya iska. Bangaren da ke zubewa na kwampreso ya kan kasance a mahadar compressor da bututu mai tsayi da na kasa, inda galibi ana samun matsala wajen dubawa saboda wurin da aka saka. Matsi na cikin gida na na'urar sanyaya iska yana da yawa sosai, kuma idan na'urar ta zubo, man kwampreshin zai ɓace, wanda hakan zai sa na'urar sanyaya iska ta yi aiki, ko kuma na'urar ba ta da kyau sosai. Akwai bawul ɗin kariya na matsi akan na'urar kwandishan. Ana amfani da bawul ɗin kariya na matsin lamba don amfani na lokaci ɗaya. Bayan matsa lamba na tsarin ya yi yawa, ya kamata a maye gurbin bawul ɗin kariya na matsa lamba a cikin lokaci.
(3) Rashin aiki Akwai dalilai da yawa da yasa na'urar kwandishan ba ta aiki, yawanci saboda matsalolin da'ira masu alaƙa. Kuna iya bincika da farko ko kwampreshin ya lalace ta hanyar ba da wuta kai tsaye zuwa kamannin lantarki na kwampreso.
Kariyar kula da kwandishan
Matsalolin aminci da ya kamata ku sani lokacin sarrafa firiji
(1) Kar a rike na'urar sanyaya a cikin rufaffiyar sarari ko kusa da bude wuta;
(2) Dole ne a sanya gilashin kariya;
(3) A guji shigar da ruwa a cikin idanu ko fantsama a fata;
(4) Kar a nuna kasan tankin refrigerant ga mutane, wasu tankunan firiji suna da na'urorin hura iska na gaggawa a kasa;
(5) Kada a sanya tanki mai sanyi kai tsaye a cikin ruwan zafi tare da zafin jiki sama da 40 ° C;
(6) Idan na'urar sanyaya ruwa ta shiga cikin ido ko kuma ta taba fata, kar a shafa ta, nan da nan sai a wanke ta da ruwan sanyi mai yawa, sannan a garzaya asibiti domin neman likita domin samun kwararrun likitoci, kar a yi kokarin magancewa. da kanka.
